Bromo-DragonFLY
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| Bromo-DragonFLY | |
|---|---|
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| IUPAC name | (1-(8-Bromobenzo[1,2-b;4,5-b]difuran-4-yl)-2-aminopropane |
| Other names | Bromo-benzodifuranyl-isopropylamine |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| SMILES | N[C@H](C)CC1=C(OC=C2)C2= C(Br)C3=C1C=CO3 (R-isomer) |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C13H12BrNO2 |
| Molar mass | 294.14 g/mol |
| Melting point |
decomposes at 240 °C (hydrochloride) |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references |
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Bromo-DragonFLY, also known as ABDF, is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug related to the phenethylamine family. Bromo-DragonFLY is considered an extremely potent hallucinogen, only slightly less potent than LSD with a normal dose in the region of 200 μg to 800 μg, and it has an extremely long duration of action up to several days.[1] It is explicitly illegal only in Sweden[2] and Denmark, although it may be considered a controlled substance analogue under US and Australian drug laws. Bromo-DragonFLY has a stereocenter and R-(-)-bromo-DragonFLY is the more active stereoisomer.
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[edit] History
Bromo-DragonFLY was first synthesized by Matthew A. Parker in the laboratory of David E. Nichols in 1998.
[edit] Pharmacology
The hallucinogenic effect of bromo-DragonFLY is mediated by its agonist activity at the 5-HT2A serotonin receptor. Bromo-DragonFLY also has a high binding affinity for the 5-HT2B and 5-HT2C serotonin receptors.
[edit] Dosage
The typical dose of Bromo-DragonFLY is not known, however it has varied from 500 μg to 1 mg.[1] It has about 300 times the potency of mescaline, or 1/5th the potency of LSD. It has been sold in the form of blotters, similar to the distribution method of LSD, which has led to confusion, and reports of mistakenly consuming Bromo-DragonFly. It has a much longer duration of action than LSD and can last for up to 2-3 days[1] following a single large dose, with a slow onset of action that can take up to 6 hours before the effects are felt.
[edit] Toxicity
The toxicity of Bromo-DragonFLY is unknown for humans however at least two reports of death believed to be resulted from Bromo-DragonFLY have been reported in Norway[3] and Sweden.[4]
Also, a Swedish man had to have the front part of his feet and several fingers on one hand amputated after taking a massive overdose. Apparently the compound acted as a long-acting efficacious vasoconstrictor, leading to necrosis and gangrene which was delayed by several weeks after the overdose occurred. Several other cases have also been reported of severe peripheral vasoconstriction following overdose with Bromo-DragonFLY, and a similar case is also known from DOB. Treatment was of limited efficacy in this case although tolazoline is reportedly an effective treatment where available.[5]
Overdoses, disturbing experiences, and Bromo-DragonFLY associated health problems have been described. One case in 2008 in England involved inhalation of vomit, causing nearly fatal asphyxia.[6]
[edit] Legal Status
[edit] Sweden
Bromo-DragonFLY was classified as a "health hazard" in Sweden on July 15, 2007, making it illegal to sell or possess there.[7][8]
[edit] Denmark
On December 5, 2007 the drug was banned in Denmark. The substance has been declared illegal by health minister Jakob Axel Nielsen, following recommendations from the Danish Health Ministry. It is currently classified as a dangerous narcotic and therefore its possession, manufacture, importation, supply or usage is strictly prohibited. Anyone involved in such activities can face legal action.[7]
[edit] Norway
Bromo-DragonFLY is currently not on the Norwegian narcotics list,[9] but is affected by Norwegian derivate laws according to state officials.[10] Thus it's effectively a narcotic drug by Norwegian law.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ a b c Erowid Bromo-DragonFly Vault : Dosage.
- ^ Svensk författningssamling (SFS) - Riksdagen.
- ^ Erowid Bromo-Dragonfly Vault : Reported GHB-Related Death Involved Bromo-Dragonfly.
- ^ Bromo-dragonfly – livsfarlig missbruksdrog (Swedish)
- ^ BBC NEWS | England | Surrey | 'I nearly died from taking £5 hit'
- ^ a b Erowid Bromo-Dragonfly Vault : Legal Status.
- ^ Statens folkhälsoinstitut - Två nya droger klassas som hälsofarliga.
- ^ List of narcotic drugs according to Norwegian law.
- ^ Statens Legemiddelverk about derivates and Bromo-DragonFLY.
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This article or section includes a list of references or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. You can improve this article by introducing more precise citations. |
- 'A novel (benzodifuranyl)aminoalkane with extremely potent activity at the 5-HT2A receptor' J. Med. Chem. 41(26): 5148-5149
- 'Enantiospecific synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of a series of super-potent, conformationally restricted 5-HT2A/2C receptor agonists' by J. J. Chambers, D. M. Kurrasch-Orbaugh, M. A. Parker, and D. E. Nichols in J. Med. Chem. 44(6): 1003-1010 (2001) DOI: 10.1021/jm000491y
- 'Man i 20-årsåldern dog av drogen Dragonfly', Kajsa Hallberg, Tipsa Expressen, 3 April 2007.
[edit] External links
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