Britannia Superior
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Britannia Superior was one of the provinces of Roman Britain created around 197 AD by the Roman Emperor Septimus Severus immediately after winning a Civil War against Clodius Albinus. They fought the war to determine who was the next emperor of Rome. Albinus was the governor of Britannia during that Civil War. Severus divided the already existing Britain province into two parts, the other being Britannia Inferior to the north with a capital at Eburacum, or modern York. Britannia Superior was the southern province of the two, with a capital at Londinium, or what is today London. Epigraphic evidence has shed some light on the extent of Upper Britain and it encompassed all of what is now southern England as well as Wales and East Anglia. However, an official boundary between Britannia Superior and Inferior is still unclear. Sadly, most information that is gathered for this region during this time period from about the 2nd Century AD to the 3rd Century AD is from inscriptions left upon pots, walls, and letters written by the citizens and soldiers.
- See External Links for a map of the region.
Approximately a century later, around 293 AD, the province was divided into Britannia Prima (with a capital at Cirencester) in the west and Maxima Caesariensis (with a capital at London) in the east. This was done by Emperor Diocletian to make administrative responsibilities over the region more efficient.
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[edit] Londinium
During the Civil War between Severus and Albinus, Albinus ordered the construction of a defending wall to go around Londinium. These walls were approximately 20 feet high. Though the whole of the time that Britannia Superior existed Londinium was its center for commerce and government, with the governor residing within the city.
[edit] The Governors
The Governors of Upper Britain were of generally of consular rank. And they were the following;
- Tiberius Julius Pollienus Auspex, 223-226
- Caius Junius Faustinus Postumianus, sometime between 227-235
- Rufinus (not his complete name), ?, not sure who this man actually was. Could have been one of a few men.
- Marcus Martiannius Pulcher, ?,speculated that through peacetimes in the city he undertook restoration projects around the city.
- Titus Desticius Juba, 250's
However, not a lot is known about each governor as individuals, or if even this is the entire list of governors for the province from the time of its creation to its dissolution.
[edit] References
- Southern, Pat (2001). Roman Empire From Severus to Constantine. Routledge
- Watson, George (1969). The Roman Soldier. Ithaca: Cornell University Press
- The Cambridge Ancient History Volume XII (2005). Second Edition, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press
[edit] External links
http://www.vanderbilt.edu/AnS/Classics/roman_provinces/britain/image21.htm Map of both Britannia Superior and Inferior compared to what they became as the Four Provinces of Britannia
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