Brinks robbery (1981)
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The Brink's robbery of 1981 (October 20, 1981) was an armed robbery carried out by Black Liberation Army members Jeral Wayne Williams (aka Mutulu Shakur), Donald Weems (aka Kuwasi Balagoon), Samuel Smith and Nathaniel Burns (aka Sekou Odinga), Cecilio "Chui" Ferguson, Samuel Brown (aka Solomon Bouines), several members of the Weather Underground (David Gilbert, Samuel Brown, Judith Alice Clark, Kathy Boudin, and Marilyn Buck), and an unknown number of accomplices.[1] They stole $1.6 million from a Brink's armored car at the Nanuet Mall, in Nanuet, New York, killing two police officers, Edward O'Grady and Waverly Brown, and a Brinks guard, Peter Paige.
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[edit] Robbery
The robbers included senior BLA members Willams (Shakur) and Weems (Balagoon), along with Weathermen David Gilbert, Samuel Brown, Judith Alice Clark, and Kathy Boudin. The robbery began with Boudin dropping her infant son, Chesa Boudin, at a baby sitter's before picking up the getaway vehicle, a U-Haul truck. She waited in a nearby parking lot as her heavily armed accomplices took another vehicle to the Nanuet Mall in Nanuet, New York where a Brinks truck was making a delivery. At 3:55 pm, Brinks guards Peter Paige and Joe Trombino emerged from the mall carrying bags of money. As they loaded the money into the truck, the robbers stormed out of their van and attacked. One suspect fired two shotgun blasts into the van's bullet proof windshield, while another opened fire with an M16 rifle. Paige was hit multiple times and killed instantly. Trombino was able to fire a single shot from his handgun, but was soon struck in the shoulder and arm by several rounds, nearly severing his arm from his body. The criminals then took $1.6 million in cash, got back in their van, and fled the scene.
Trombino survived his injuries and continued to work for the Brink's company for the rest of his life. He was killed in the September 11 Attacks in 2001 at age 68.[1]
[edit] Car swap
After fleeing the scene, the robbers drove to a parking lot where a yellow Honda and U-Haul truck, manned by members of the Weather Underground, were waiting. The robbers quickly threw the bags of money into the car and truck, and sped away. In a house across the street, an alert college student spotted the robbers as they switched vehicles and called the police.
Meanwhile, police units from all over the county were converging on the mall where the shootout occurred and attempting to cut off all possible escape routes. Soon police officers Edward O'Grady, Waverly Brown, Brian Lennon, and Artie Keenan spotted and pulled over the U-Haul truck, with Gilbert and Boudin in the front seats, along with the Yellow Honda at an entrance ramp to the New York State Thruway off of New York State Route 59. The police were not sure if they had the right truck, since it had been reported that the robbers were all African Americans, while the occupants of this vehicle were white (a deliberate part of the original plan by the robbers, hoping to fool the police). But since the truck matched the description of the getaway vehicle they were looking for, the officers pulled it over and approached with guns drawn.
[edit] Second gunfight
The police officers who caught them testified that Boudin, feigning innocence, pleaded with them to put down their guns and convinced them to drop their guard; Boudin said she remained silent, that the officers relaxed spontaneously. After the police did lower their weapons, six of the men in the back of the truck, who were armed with automatic weapons and body armor, surprised the four police officers by emerging and opening fire. Officer Brown was hit repeatedly by rifle rounds and collapsed on the ground. One robber then walked up to his prone body and fired several more shots into him with a 9mm handgun, ensuring his death. Keenan was shot in the leg, but managed to duck behind a tree and return fire.
Officer O'Grady lived long enough to empty his revolver, but as he reloaded, he was shot several times with an M16. Ninety minutes later, he died on a hospital operating table. Meanwhile Lennon, who was in his cruiser when the shootout began, tried to exit out the front passenger door, but O'Grady's body was wedged up against the door. He watched as the suspects jumped back into the U-Haul and sped directly towards him. Lennon fired his shotgun several times at the speeding truck as it collided with his police car.
The occupants of the U-Haul scattered, some climbing into the yellow Honda, others carjacking a nearby motorist while Boudin attempted to flee on foot. An off-duty corrections officer apprehended her shortly after the shoot out. When she was arrested, Boudin gave her name as Barbara Edson.
[edit] Arrests
Three other suspects failed to escape. Weathermen Chris Dobbs, Samuel Brown, and Judith Alice Clark crashed the Honda while making a sharp turn. South Nyack police chief Alan Colsey was the only officer initially at the scene of the crash, but he managed to keep them held up at gun point until backup arrived. After that, all three were arrested. Inside the car, police found $800,000 from the robbery and a 9mm handgun on the floor of the back seat.
Police traced the license plate on one of the getaway vehicles to an apartment in New Jersey. Inside, the police found weapons, bomb making materials, and detailed blueprints of six Manhattan police precincts. Investigations later revealed the apartment was rented by Marilyn Buck, a Weatherman radical who had been previously arrested for providing weapons to the BLA. She had been sentenced to 10 years in prison, but in 1977 she was granted furlough and never returned. While at the apartment, police also found papers that listed an address in Mt. Vernon, New York, a small city in Westchester County about 20 miles from the mall where the robbery occurred. When police raided that apartment, they found bloody clothing, ammunition, more guns and ski masks. Investigation later revealed that the bloody clothing belonged to Buck, who had accidentally shot herself in the leg when she tried to draw her weapon during the shootout with the police.
All the plates on the vehicles seen near the Mt. Vernon address were entered into the NCIC system. Two days later, NYPD detectives spotted a 1978 Chrysler with a license plate that had been seen at the Mt. Vernon Apartment. The vehicle, driven by Samuel Smith and Sekou Odinga, fled from the police when they tried to pull it over. After the vehicle crashed, the two occupants engaged the police in a gunfight that left Smith dead and Odinga captured. Inside Smith's shirt pocket, police found a crushed .38 caliber slug they believe was fired from officer O'Grady's service weapon. Three more participants were arrested several months later, including Weems (Balagoon).
The investigation for the participants in the robbery would continue for years. Buck was arrested in 1985. The last person to be arrested in connection with it was Willams (Shakur), the alleged ringleader of the robbery, in 1986.
[edit] Trials and Sentencing
Gilbert, Weems, and Clark were the first of the Brinks robbers to go to trial. Because the BLA was known for attempting to break their members out of prison, massive security precautions were undertaken, turning the courthouse in Goshen, New York into a heavily armed compound. All three defendants declined assistance from defense lawyers and chose to represent themselves. Their contention was that since they did not recognize the authority of the United States, the government had no right to put them on trial. Throughout the trial, they repeatedly disrupted the proceedings by shouting anti-American slogans, proclaiming to be "at war" with the government and refusing to respect any aspect of the American legal system. They called the robbery an "expropriation" of funds that were needed to form a new country in a few select southern states that ideally would be populated only by blacks.
When it came time for the defendants to present their case, they called only one witness, Nathaniel Burns (Sekou Odinga), who had already been convicted of multiple bank robberies. He said that his organization was "fighting for the liberation and self-determination of black people in this country." Burns testified that the killings were suitable because the three victims had interfered with the "expropriation". In his view, the theft of money was morally justified because those funds "were robbed through the slave labor that was forced on them and their ancestors." After his testimony, he was praised by the defendants and led out of the courtroom to serve his 40-year federal prison sentence. The jury was not convinced by Burns' reasoning and at the end of the trial, all three defendants were convicted of armed robbery and three counts of murder.
The three defendants received three consecutive twenty-five year-to-life sentences, making them eligible for parole in the year 2058. After the trial, Weems claimed, "As to the seventy five years in prison, I am not really worried, not only because I am in the habit of not completing sentences or waiting on parole or any of that nonsense but also because the State simply isn't going to last seventy five or even fifty years." However, it turned out that he only had four years left himself. He died in prison from AIDS in 1986. Gilbert and Clark remain in prison to this day. In September of 2006, Clark was granted a new trial by a judge in a district court on grounds that she had no representation at trial. The government countered that Clark chose to represent herself and not recognize the authority of the court, and thus has appealed the ruling.
Unlike their fellow robbers, Boudin and Brown attempted to mount a legal defense. Boudin hired Leonard Weinglass to defend her. Weinglass, a law partner of Boudin's father, arranged for a plea bargain and Boudin pled guilty to one count of felony murder and robbery, in exchange for a single twenty year-to-life sentence. She was paroled in 2003. However, Brown was unable to reach any deal that would spare him a life sentence. Since he had nothing to lose by going to trial, he decided to have one. At his trial, he claimed to have only had a minor participation in the robbery and had not fired a weapon at anyone. The jury was not convinced. In addition to being caught in the escape attempt with the other robbers, witnesses identified him as a participant in both shootouts. He was sentenced to 75 years to life in prison.
Buck was later convicted of multiple charges related to the Brink's robbery and other crimes and sentenced to 50 years in a federal prison. Williams (Shakur), the alleged ringleader of the group, was in the last one to go on trial on charges related to the robbery. In 1988, he received a 60-year prison sentence.
[edit] Legacy
In 2004, the Nyack post office was officially re-named after the three police officers who were killed in the shootout. [2]
People often make the mistake of believing Waverly Brown was the first African-American police officer on the Nyack Police Department. This honor goes to James Robert Blue who joined the department June 24,1960 and retired from the in 1981 he also became the first African-American magistrate in Moore County, North Carolina.
[edit] External links
- Crime Library
- Officer Down Memorial Page: O'Grady
- Officer Down Memorial Page: Waverly
- O'Grady Brown Memorial Scholarship Fund
[edit] References
- New York Times; September 29, 1983; Citing adverse publicity generated by the recent trial of three defendants in the Brink's murder and robbery case in Goshen, New York, lawyers for Kathy Boudin and Samuel Brown asked a state appellate court in Brooklyn yesterday to move their upcoming trial out of Orange County. The tight security measures and the press coverage at the recently concluded Brink's trial, the lawyers argued, had further aroused a community already hostile to their clients. They asked the five-judge panel to move th...
- Time (magazine); Monday, November 2, 1981 Bullets from the Underground. A bloody robbery attempt brings a roundup of '60s fugitives. The armored Brink's truck pulled up to the Nanuet National Bank near suburban Nyack, New York, shortly before 4 p.m. and two guards began loading $1.6 million in cash. Suddenly three armed men in ski masks jumped out of a red van and opened fire. One guard was killed instantly and the other critically wounded. The three bandits and an accomplice dashed off with the loot. "They didn't even ask them to hand over the money," declared an incredulous witness. "They just blasted away."
