Bringewood Ironworks
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Bringewood Ironworks was a charcoal ironworks in north Herefordshire. It was powered by the river Teme, with a blast furnace, a finery forge and latterly a rolling mill for blackplate (to be tinned into tinplate.
It was probably built for Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester in the 1590s, but reverted to the Crown on his attainder, and was then let to Sir Henry Wallop. However, he evidently sublet it to working ironmasters. By 1623, it was run by Francis Walker, and continued to be operated by his descendants until the bankruptcy of Job Walker in 1695. They were also concerned in a number of other ironworks in southern and central Shropshire.
About 1695, the ironworks, consisting of a blast furnace and a forge, was acquired by Richard Knight. He and then his sons gradually expanded their activities, acquiring ironworks in the valley of the Stour. Richard Knight retired in about 1733, after which the works were managed by his son Ralph Knight for a family partership with his brother Edward. After his death, the works passed to Edward, who ran them in partnership with his sons John and James, managed by the latter. Their interest in the works ceased on Edward's death in [[1778].
The works were put into repair in 1782 and run by William Downing of Pembridge with a various partners, passing to ultimately Samuel George. The 1782 lease expired in 1815. This coincided with a depression in the iron industry at the end of the Napoleonic War. This seems to mark its closure. The furance had probably closed in the 1790s, when Samuel George built at furnace at Knowbury close to Titterstone Clee.
From about 1740, in addition to the furnace and forge, there was a rolling mill further downstream, which produced blackplate, which was sent to a tinmill at Mitton (now in Stourport) to be made into tinplate. The name of a nearby wood suggests that tinplate may have been produced at Bringewood. However, this can only have been after period of the Knights' occupation of the works, as the surviving accounts (for 1733-78) show only blackplate being produced.
Wood (for charcoal) came from the nearby chases of Bringewood, Mocktree and Darvel. Though the possibility of mining lcoally is mentioned in some leases, it is probable that the main source of ore was Titterstone Clee Hill. Pig iron, bar iron and blackplate, made in the works were carried by land to Bewdley for sale, so far as not sold locally. Bringewood bar iron enjoyed a high reputation as being tough.
[edit] References
- Dr Bull, 'Some account of Bringewood furnace and forge' Trans. Woolhope Nat. Field Club 1869, 54-60.
- Maj. Stewart Robinson, 'The forests and woodland areas of Herefordshire' Trans. Woolhope Nat. Fld Club 1921-3 (1925), 193-220.
- Robert Page, 'Richard and Edward Knight: ironmasters of Bringewood and Wolverley' Trans. Woolhope Nat. Field Club 43(1) (1979), 7-17.
- L. Ince, The Knight Family and the British iron industry (1991).
