Brilliant Blue FCF
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| Brilliant Blue FCF | |
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| Other names | FD&C Blue No.1 Acid Blue 9 D&C Blue No. 4 Alzen Food Blue No. 1 Atracid Blue FG Erioglaucine Eriosky blue Patent Blue AR Xylene Blue VSG |
| Molecular formula | C37H34N2Na2O9S3 |
| CAS number | [3844-45-9] |
| SMILES | CC\[N+](CC4=CC (S(=O)([O-])=O) =CC=C4)=C(C=C3) /C=C\C3=C(C2=C (S(=O)([O-])=O) C=CC=C2)/C1=C C=C(N(CC)CC5=C C=CC(S(=O)([O-]) =O)=C5)C=C1 |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references |
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Brilliant Blue FCF, also known under commercial names, is a colorant for foods and other substances to induce a color change. It is denoted by E number E133. It has the appearance of a reddish-blue powder. It is soluble in water, and the solution has a maximum absorption at about 630 nanometer.
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[edit] Chemistry
It is a synthetic dye derived from coal tar. It can be combined with tartrazine (E102) to produce various shades of green.
It is usually a disodium salt. The diammonium salt has CAS number []. Calcium and potassium salts are also permitted. It can also appear as an aluminium lake.
The chemical formation is C37H34N2Na2O9S3. The dye is poorly absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract and 95% of the absorbed dye can be found in the feces.
It is also thought to react with certain bile pigments to form green feces.
[edit] Applications
As a blue color (color index 42090), Brilliant Blue FCF is often found in ice cream, tinned processed peas, dairy products, sweets, and drinks. It is also used in soaps, shampoos, and other hygiene and cosmetics applications. In soil science, Brilliant Blue is applied in tracing studies to visualize infiltration and water distribution in the soil.
[edit] Health and safety
It has previously been banned in Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Norway, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland among others but has been certified as a safe food additive in the EU and is today unbanned in most of the countries. In the United States production exceeds 1 million pounds annually, and daily consumption is around 16 mg per person.
It has the capacity for inducing an allergic reaction.
It is one of the colorants that the Hyperactive Children's Support Group and the Feingold Association recommend to be eliminated from the diet of children. The National Institutes of Health concluded that color additives do not cause hyperactivity.[1]
[edit] References
- ^ (January 1993) FDA/IFIC Brochure, Food Color Facts HFI 140. Food and Drug Administration.
- W. H. Hansen; O. G. Fitzhugh, A. A. Nelson, K. J. Davis (1966). "Chronic toxicity of two food colors, Brilliant Blue FCF and Indigotine". Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 8 (1): 29–36. doi:.
- J. F. Borzelleca; K. Depukat, J. B. Hallagan (1990). "Lifetime toxicity/carcinogenicity studies of FD & C blue No. 1 (Brilliant blue FCF) in rats and mice". Food and Chemical Toxicology 28 (4): 221–235. doi:.
- J. P. Brown; A. Dorsky, F. E. Enderlin, R. L. Hale, V. A. Wright, T. M. Parkinson (1980). "Synthesis of 14C-labelled FD & C blue no. 1 (brilliant blue FCF) and its intestinal absorption and metabolic fate in rats". Food and Cosmetics Toxicology 18 (1): 1–5. doi:.
