Brewster-Douglass Housing Projects
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| Brewster-Douglass housing projects | |
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| Information | |
|---|---|
| Location | 2700 St. Antoine St., |
| Status | Complete |
| Constructed | 1952 |
| Use | residential |
| Roof | 46m 150 ft |
| Floor count | 14 |
| Companies | |
| Architect | Harley, Ellington & Day; Detroit Housing Commission; Smith Hinchman & Grylls |
Brewster-Douglass Housing Projects is a residential housing project owned by the City of Detroit, located in the Midtown-University section on the East Side of Detroit, Michigan near the Chrysler Freeway, Vernor Highway and Saint Antoine Street. The housing project is named after Frederick Douglass, African American abolitionist, author, and reformer.
The complex was home for Lily Tomlin, Diana Ross, Mary Wilson, Florence Ballard, and Smokey Robinson during their early years. The claymation animated series The PJ's was based on the housing project as well. It was also seen in a screenshots for the movie Dreamgirls as well as D12's debut music video. RuPaul mentions the Brewster Projects in the intro of his biggest hit, the 1992 "Supermodel (You Better Work)".
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[edit] History
Built between 1935 and 1938, the original Brewster Homes were 2 story row houses and 3 story apartment buildings. The Douglass apartment buildings were built in 1952 by Harley, Ellington & Day Architects. These six, 14-story high rises were accompanied by two story row houses bringing the inhabitation of the Brewster-Douglass Homes between 8,000 – 10,000 people.
The towers were part of the larger Brewster-Douglass Housing Projects originally, which included over 700 low-rise units named the Brewster Projects. The combined Brewster-Douglass Project was five city blocks long, and three city blocks wide; also part of the complex were 6-story housing project towers at the northwestern end completed in 1942.
In 1952, the public housing tower complex consisted of six, 14-story towers, two have been demolished (303 and 304). Frederick Douglass Projects were built for the "working poor"; the Detroit Housing Commission required an employed parent for each family before establishing tenancy. As the Commission became less selective, crime became a problem in the 1960s and 1970s, and the projects eventually fell into disrepair. Two towers were demolished and two more are scheduled for demolition. Many of the brick row houses from the 1952 addition to the site have been boarded and abandoned. The 1991 rebuild of the Brewster Homes is inhabited, but suffering from the problems of low-income housing in urban centers like Detroit. There are plans in place by students at the Rhode Island School of Design to make a radical critique of the conditions.[citation needed]
From historic marker on the site of Brewster Homes
| “ | “Between 1910 and 1940 Detroit, Michigan’s African American population increased dramatically. Faced with restrictions on where they could live, many African Americans were forced into substandard housing. In 1935 First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt broke ground for the Brewster Homes, the nation’s first federally funded public housing development for African Americans. The homes opened in 1938 with 701 units. When completed in 1941 there were 941 units bounded by Beaubien, Hastings, Mack and Wilkins Streets. Residents were required to be employed and there were limits on what they could earn. Former residents described Brewster as ‘community filled with families that displayed love, respect and concern for everyone in a beautiful, clean and secure neighborhood.’ The original Brewster Homes were demolished in 1991 and replaced by 250 townhouses.” | ” |
[edit] Hastings Street
Hastings Street was the center of black culture in Detroit between the 1920s and 1950s. Located at the southern edge of the Brewster-Douglass Homes the street was the home of innumerable salons and entertainment venues. With the addition of the high-rises and an influx of people moving into the housing, Hastings Street was billed as the place you could fulfill any conceivable need. The I-75 corridor is now in place of this important African American landmark. The (Walter P.) Chrysler Freeway was constructed between 1963 and 1968.
[edit] Constituent buildings
The four towers are designed in the Modern movement architectural style and made of brick. They are identical in look and each rise to the height of 14 floors. Technically, the structural heights are measured to the small, four foot masonry chimneys atop the machine, mechanical penthouses of each tower. An additional two foot metal chimney chute rises above the masonry chimneys.
| Building Name | Address | Year Completed | Year Demolished |
|---|---|---|---|
| Frederick Douglass Apartments - Tower 306 | Chrysler Freeway & Vernon Highway | 1952 | |
| Frederick Douglass Apartments - Tower 305 | Chrysler Freeway & Vernon Highway | 1952 | |
| Frederick Douglass Apartments - Tower 302 | 2702 Saint Antoine Street | 1952 | |
| Frederick Douglass Apartments - Tower 301 | Chrysler Drive at Alfred Street | 1952 | |
| Frederick Douglass Apartments - Tower 304 | 2602 Saint Antoine Street | 1952 | 2003 |
| Frederick Douglass Apartments - Tower 303 | 650 Alfred Street | 1952 | 2003 |
[edit] Assigned schools
The buildings are zoned to the following Detroit Public Schools facilities:
- Spain Elementary School (K-8)[1]
- Martin Luther King High School (9-12)[2]
[edit] Further reading
- Greenberg, Michael R. (1999). Restoring America's Neighborhoods: How local people make a difference. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 0813527120.
- Hill, Eric J. and John Gallagher (2002). AIA Detroit: The American Institute of Architects Guide to Detroit Architecture. Wayne State University Press. ISBN 0-8143-3120-3.
- Meyer, Katherine Mattingly and Martin C.P. McElroy with Introduction by W. Hawkins Ferry, Hon A.I.A. (1980). Detroit Architecture A.I.A. Guide Revised Edition. Wayne State University Press. ISBN 0-8143-1651-4.
- Sharoff, Robert (2005). American City: Detroit Architecture. Wayne State University Press. ISBN 0-8143-3270-6.
[edit] References
[edit] External links
- Google Maps location of Frederick Douglass Homes
- SkyscraperPage.com's pages on Frederick Douglass Homes
- Frederick Douglass Homes at Emporis.com
- Frederick Douglass Homes at the City of Detroit Housing Commission.
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