Brecon (UK Parliament constituency)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Brecon Borough constituency |
|
|---|---|
| Created: | 1542 |
| Abolished: | 1885 |
| Type: | House of Commons |
| Members: | one |
Brecon was a parliamentary constituency in Wales which returned one Member of Parliament to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom and its predecessors, from 1542 until it was abolished for the 1885 general election.
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[edit] Boundaries
From its first election in 1542 until some time before 1715, the constituency consisted of a number of boroughs within the historic county of Brecknockshire or Breconshire in Wales. From then until 1885 the seat represented the parliamentary borough of Brecon alone. The constituency should not be confused with the county constituency of Breconshire, which existed from the sixteenth century until 1918.
On the basis of information from several volumes of the History of Parliament, it is apparent that the history of the borough representation from Wales and Monmouthshire is more complicated than that of the English boroughs.
The Laws in Wales Act 1535 (26 Hen. VIII, c. 26) provided for a single borough seat for each of 11 of the 12 Welsh counties and Monmouthshire. The legislation was ambiguous as to which communities were enfranchised. The county towns were awarded a seat, but this in some fashion represented all the ancient boroughs of the county as the others were required to contribute to the members wages. It was not clear if the burgesses of the contributing boroughs could take part in the election. The only election under the original scheme was for the 1542 Parliament. It seems that only burgesses from the county towns actually took part. An Act of 1544 (35 Hen. VIII, c. 11) confirmed that the contributing boroughs could send representatives to take part in the election at the county town. As far as can be told from surviving indentures of returns, the degree to which the out boroughs participated varied, but by the end of the sixteenth century all the seats had some participation from them at some elections at least.
The original scheme was modified by later legislation and decisions of the House of Commons (which were sometimes made with no regard to precedent or evidence: for example in 1728 it was decided that only the freemen of the borough of Montgomery could participate in the election for that seat, thus disenfranchising the freemen of Llanidloes, Welshpool and Llanfyllin).
In the case of Breconshire, the county town was Brecon. The township of Llywel, eleven miles due west of Brecon, formed part of the constituency. There is no evidence to suggest any other boroughs actually took part in elections before 1597. The out boroughs then participating were Bulith now known as Builth Wells, Crickhowel or Crickhowell, Hay now Hay-on-Wye and Telgarth or Talgarth.
At some point between 1603 and 1715 the out boroughs ceased to participate in elections for the constituency. Until 1727 all the freemen of Brecon formed the electorate, but in 1727 the House of Commons ruled that only the resident freemen could vote. There had been about 180 electors in 1723 and 1727, but only 69 in 1744 after the basis of the franchise had been changed. There were about 100 voters between 1754 and 1790.
When registration of electors and an additional householder franchise were introduced in 1832 Brecon, still based on the town of Brecon, had the smallest electorate in Wales with just 242 registered voters. Even after the extension of the franchise in 1868, the number of voters only increased to 814.
After 1885 Breconshire was represented in Parliament by the single member county constituency, which included all the boroughs at one time in the Brecon constituency.
[edit] Members of Parliament
[edit] Members of Parliament 1542-1640
As there were sometimes significant gaps between Parliaments held in this period, the dates of first assembly and dissolution are given. Where the name of the member has not yet been ascertained or (before 1558) is not recorded in a surviving document, the entry unknown is entered in the table.
The Roman numerals after some names are those used in The House of Commons 1509-1558 to distinguish a member from another politician of the same name.
[edit] Members of Parliament 1640-1660
This sub-section includes the Long Parliament and the Rump Parliament, together with the Parliaments of the Commonwealth and the Protectorate (before the Convention Parliament of 1660).
| Elected | Assembled | Dissolved | Member | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1640 | 3 November 1640 | 5 December 1648 | unknown | Long Parliament |
| ... | 6 December 1648 | 20 April 1653 | unknown | Rump Parliament |
| ... | 4 July 1653 | 12 December 1653 | unrepresented | Barebones Parliament |
| 1654 | 3 September 1654 | 22 January 1655 | unrepresented | First Protectorate Parliament |
| 1656 | 17 September 1656 | 4 February 1658 | unrepresented | Second Protectorate Parliament |
| 1658/59 | 27 January 1659 | 22 April 1659 | unknown | Third Protectorate Parliament |
| ... | 7 May 1659 | 20 February 1660 | unknown | Rump Parliament restored |
| ... | 21 February 1660 | 16 March 1660 | unknown | Long Parliament restored |
[edit] Members of Parliament 1660-1885
| First Election | Member | Party | Note | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1660, c. April | Sir Henry Williams, Bt | |||
| 1661, April 26 | Sir Herbert Price | |||
| 1678, February 14 | Thomas Mansel | |||
| 1679, February 28 | John Jeffreys | |||
| 1689, January 10 | Thomas Morgan (of Dderw) | Whig | (1664-1700) | |
| 1690, March 6 | Jeffrey Jeffreys | |||
| 1698, July 25 | Thomas Morgan (of Dderw) | Whig | (1664-1700) | |
| 1701, January 17 | Sir Jeffrey Jeffreys | |||
| 1709, November 28 | Edward Jeffreys | |||
| 1713, September 11 | Roger Jones | |||
| 1722, March 29 | William Morgan | (1701-1731) Elected to sit for Monmouthshire | ||
| 1723, May 24 | Thomas Morgan | (1702-1769) | ||
| 1734, May 1 | Hon. John Talbot | |||
| 1754, April 15 | Thomas Morgan (of Rhiwpera) | (1727-1771) Resigned to contest Monmouthshire | ||
| 1763, December 5 | Charles Morgan | (1736-1787) Resigned to contest Breconshire | ||
| 1769, May 15 | John Morgan | (1742-1792) Resigned to contest Monmouthshire | ||
| 1772, January 31 | Charles Van | Died 3 April 1778 | ||
| 1778, April 23 | Sir Charles Gould | (1726-1806) Resigned to contest Breconshire | ||
| 1787, December 6 | Sir Charles Gould | (1760-1846) Elected to sit for Monmouthshire | ||
| 1796, November 2 | Sir Robert Salusbury, Bt | Tory | ||
| 1812, October 9 | Charles Morgan Robinson Morgan | Whig | (1792-1875) | |
| 1818, June 20 | George Gould Morgan | Tory | (1794-1845) | |
| 1830, August 3 | Charles Morgan Robinson Morgan | Whig | (1792-1875) | |
| 1832, December 12 | John Lloyd Vaughan Watkins | Liberal 1 | ||
| 1835, January 6 | Charles Morgan Robinson Morgan | Conservative | (1792-1875) | |
| 1847, August 3 | John Lloyd Vaughan Watkins | Liberal 1 | ||
| 1852, July 9 | Charles Rodney Morgan | Conservative | (1828-1854) Died 14 January 1854 | |
| 1854, February 6 | John Lloyd Vaughan Watkins | Liberal 1 | Died 28 September 1865 | |
| 1866, February 27 | Earl of Brecknock | Liberal | Became the 3rd Marquess Camden | |
| 1866, October 3 | Howel Gwyn | Conservative | Election declared void on petition | |
| 1869, April 24 | Lord Hyde | Liberal | Became the 5th Earl of Clarendon | |
| 1870, July 19 | James Price William Gwynne-Holford | Conservative | ||
| 1880, April 7 | Cyril Flower | Liberal | ||
| 1885 | Constituency abolished | |||
Supplemental Notes:-
- 1 F. W. S. Craig, in his compilations of election results for Great Britain, classifies Whig, Radical and similar candidates as Liberals from 1832. The name Liberal was gradually adopted as a description for the Whigs and politicians allied with them, before the formal creation of the Liberal Party shortly after the 1859 general election.
[edit] Election results
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Please help improve this section by expanding it. Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion. |
[edit] References
- Boundaries of Parliamentary Constituencies 1885-1972, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (Parliamentary Reference Publications 1972)
- British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (Macmillan Press 1977)
- The House of Commons 1509-1558, by S.T. Bindoff (Secker & Warburg 1982)
- The House of Commons 1558-1603, by P.W. Hasler (HMSO 1981)
- The House of Commons 1715-1754, by Romney Sedgwick (HMSO 1970)
- The House of Commons 1754-1790, by Sir Lewis Namier and John Brooke (HMSO 1964)
- The Parliaments of England by Henry Stooks Smith (1st edition published in three volumes 1844-50), second edition edited (in one volume) by F.W.S. Craig (Political Reference Publications 1973)
- Leigh Rayment's Peerage Page
- ^ Watkin, Thomas Glyn (January 2008). Aubrey, William (c.1529–1595). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online edition, subscription required). Oxford University Press. Retrieved on 2008-02-24.
