Brain ischemia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Brain ischemia Classification and external resources
MeSH	D002545

Brain ischemia (or cerebral ischemia) is an ischemic condition where the brain or parts of the brain do not receive enough blood flow to maintain normal neurological function.

Contents 1 Causes 2 Presentation 3 Related conditions 4 References

[edit] Causes

Cerebral ischemia can be the result of various diseases, or the result of arterial obstruction such as strangulation.

[edit] Presentation

Similarly to cerebral hypoxia, severe or prolonged cerebral ischemia will result in unconsciousness, brain damage or death, mediated by the ischemic cascade.

An extensive review of mechanisms by which ischemia damages the nervous system has been published by Peter Lipton.^[1]

[edit] Related conditions

A related condition is subcortical ischemic depression, also known as vascular depression. This condition is most commonly seen in elderly depressed patients. Late onset depression is increasingly seen as a distinct variety of depression, and is commonly detected with an MRI.

[edit] References

1. ^ Ischemic Cell Death in Brain Neurons -- Lipton 79 (4): 1431 -- Physiological Reviews.

• Chang, Steven; Doty, James; Skirboll, Stephen; Steinberg, Gary. Cerebral ischemia . cgi.stanford.edu. URL last accessed February 26, 2006.
• Ramirez, Robert; Gulli, Laith. Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders: Hypoxia. health.enotes.com. URL last accessed February 26, 2006. (PDF format)

v • d • e Cardiovascular disease: vascular disease - Circulatory system pathology (I60-I99, 430-459) Cerebrovascular diseases Intracranial hemorrhage: Extra-axial (Epidural, Subdural, Subarachnoid) - Cerebral/Intra-axial (Intraventricular, Intraparenchymal) Stroke/Brain ischemia: Vertebrobasilar insufficiency (Subclavian steal syndrome) - TIA Carotid artery stenosis - Cerebral aneurysm - Binswanger's disease - Moyamoya disease Anterior spinal artery syndrome Arteries, arterioles and capillaries Arterial occlusive disease: Arteriosclerosis (Atherosclerosis, Intermittent claudication, Atheroma) - Renal artery stenosis - Fibromuscular dysplasia - Degos disease Peripheral vascular disease: Raynaud's phenomenon/Raynaud's disease - Erythromelalgia Aneurysm (Aortic/Abdominal aortic) - Dissection (Aortic, Carotid, Vertebral) - Pseudoaneurysm Arteritis (Aortitis) - Buerger's disease Arteriovenous fistula - Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia Nevus (Spider angioma) Veins Venous thrombosis/Phlebitis/Thrombophlebitis: Deep vein thrombosis - May-Thurner syndrome - Portal vein thrombosis - Budd-Chiari syndrome - Renal vein thrombosis - Paget-Schroetter disease - Post-thrombotic syndrome Varicose veins: Varicocele - Gastric varices - Portacaval anastomosis (Hemorrhoid, Esophageal varices, Caput medusae) Superior vena cava syndrome - Venous ulcer Arteries or veins Vasculitis - Thrombosis - Embolism (Pulmonary embolism, Cholesterol embolism) Lymphatic vessels/nodes Lymphadenitis - Lymphedema - Lymphangitis Blood pressure Hypertension: Hypertensive heart disease - Hypertensive nephropathy - Secondary hypertension (Renovascular hypertension) Hypotension: Orthostatic hypotension See also congenital (Q20-Q28, 745-747)