Boston Fire Department
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Boston Fire Department |
|
 |
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| Established | 1678[1] |
| Staffing | Career |
| Strength | 1,467 uniformed 68 fire alarm operators 76 civilian[2] |
| Stations | 35[2] |
| Engines | 34 (incl. Fire Brigade Engine 54) |
| Trucks | 20 ladder(incl. Fire Brigade Ladder 31) 3 tower |
| Rescues | 2 |
| Fireboats | 3 |
| EMS Level | BLS |
| Fire chief | Kevin P. MacCurtain |
| Commissioner | Roderick Fraser |
The Boston Fire Department (BFD) provides fire protection services for Boston, Massachusetts, USA. The department serves approximately 596,000 people in a 47-square-mile (120 km²) area of the city proper and additional mutual aid to 32 surrounding communities of the Greater Boston Metro Area including Logan International Airport. A separate agency, Boston Emergency Medical Services, provides emergency medical services for the city.
Contents |
[edit] History
[edit] 1631 - 1678
The Boston Fire Department traces its roots back to 1631, a year after the city was founded, when the first fire ordinance was adopted. In what then was the Massachusetts Bay Colony of the Kingdom of England, the city banned thatched roofs and wooden chimneys. However, it wasn't until 1653 that the first engine was appropriated to provide pressure for water lines[1].
[edit] 1678 - 1837
In 1678, the city founded a paid fire department, and hired Thomas Atkins to be the first fire chief.[1] On February 1, 1711, the town appointed a group of Fire Wards, each responsible for the operation and maintenance of equipment assigned to a region of the city.[3] It wasn't until 1799 that the first leather fire hose was used, after being imported from England.[1]
[edit] 1837 - 1910
The department underwent its first reorganization in 1837 when the hand engine department reorganized, reducing the number of active engines to fourteen.[3] By December 31, 1858, the department had 14 hand engines, 3 hook and ladder carriages, and 6 hydrant (hose) carriages.[3] On November 1, 1859, Engine Co. 8 began service as the first steam engine in the department. The reorganization of 1859-60 replaced the department's 14 hand engines with 11 new steam engines, forming the departmental hierarchy still used today.[3]
The department was the first in the world to utilize the telegraph to alert fire fighters of an emergency, installing the system in 1851.[1] The first fire alarm was transmitted via the Fire Alarm Telegraph system on April 29, 1852.[3]
The famous Boston fire of 1872 led to the appointment of a board of fire commissioners. The Boston Fire Department also provided assistance in the Great Chelsea Fire of 1908 and the Great Salem Fire of 1914.[3]
The department purchased its first steam fireboat in 1873, and installed fire poles in the stations in 1881.[1]
[edit] 1910 - present
On July 29, 1910, the department purchased its first motorized apparatus. From 1914 until 1923, horse drawn engines as well as steam and motorized engine companies were in use in Boston. Ladder 24 was the last company to replace its horses in 1923 when it became motorized.[3] In 1925, the last fire horses were retired.[1] It wasn't until 1926 that the last steam engine was converted to a motorized engine.[3] The department first started using radio communication in 1925, installing radios in the fireboats, chiefs' cars, and rescue companies.[1]
By 1960, the department operated 48 engines, 29 ladders, 1 rescue, and 2 fireboats.[3] By the end of the decade, the standard 85-foot (26 m) ladder trucks were replaced by 100-foot (30 m) aerial ladders with tillers.[3]
In the 1970s, the department experimented with lime-green colored apparatus, but reverted back to the traditional red in 1984, when the Department made the switch to E-One fire apparatus.[3]
In the early 1980s, an arson ring caused over 600 fires, many reaching multiple-alarm status. The group was ultimately caught and convicted.[3]
Also in the early 80's, the Department experienced a dramatic number of cutbacks due to budget cuts. The number of Engine Companies dropped from 43 to 33, the Fire Brigade was disbanded (only to be reopened in the mid-80's), the number of Ladder Companies went from 28 to 21, and one of the two Tower Companies was disbanded and reduced to a regular Ladder Company (bringing the total to 22 Ladder Companies). Rescue 2 was disbanded, but reorganized in 1986.
[edit] Apparatus
The Boston Fire Department uses a variety of apparatus, from a variety of companies. Currently, the department purchases its engines and ladders from Pierce and E-One. The engines currently in use are the Pierce Enforcer (10), E-One Cyclone II (14), and E-One Protector (9). The ladders currently in use are the E-One 110’ (15 in use), Pierce 95' Mid-Mounted Tower (2 in use), Pierce Dash 105' (4 in use, one with All-Wheel Steering), Pierce 85’ Tower (1), and one 1973 Maxim 85' Mid-Mount assigned to the Fire Brigade on Long Island in Boston Harbor. The two Rescue Companies, Rescues 1 and 2, run a 2007 Pierce Quantum and a 1996 E-One Cyclone II, respectively. From 2002 to 2005, the Department purchased a number of apparatus from Pierce. Recently they have switched back to E-One with the delivery of one Cyclone II pumper, assigned to Engine 29 in Brighton[4]
[edit] Divisions
The Boston Fire Department consists of seven divisions[5]:
- Fire Suppression — The most visible members of the department, this division provides the fire protection and rescue services for the city of Boston. The services provided include fire fighting, medical evaluation, vehicle extrication, hazardous material response, confined space rescue, structural collapse rescue, trench collapse rescue, and more. The department operates engine companies, ladder companies, and rescue companies, each providing distinctly separate services at a fire or other emergency.
- Fire Prevention — This division is responsible for maintaining records, granting permits, conducting public education, and inspecting buildings.
- Training, Maintenance and Research — This division supervises the development of the fire fighters from probation to retirement. Also, the division conducts research to improve techniques and equipment, evaluating new tools before their implementation. The Emergency Medical Services and the Safety Operations Unit are also within this division.
- Special Projects — This division was created in January 1992 to monitor the safety of the Boston Harbor Project and the Central Artery/Tunnel Project. The activities of the division include plans review, permit issuance, and inspections. With the completion of the Boston Harbor Project, the division now only monitors the Central Artery/Tunnel Project.
- Office of Strategic Planning — This division was established in 1996 to replace the Special Services Division, providing the city with an Incident Command System, Office of Emergency Management, and Local Emergency Planning Committee.
- Information and Technology — This division maintains and improves technological appliances of the department, such as automated external defibrillators (AED), computers, and communications devices. From 2003-06, the division installed mobile data terminals (MDT) in all engine and ladder companies as well as command vehicles.
- Personnel — This division includes the Administration Section, Selection Unit, Medical Office, Personnel Assignments of Officer’s Section, and the Employees Assistant Program. The division keeps the records of each fire fighter, communicates with other departments, unions, and agencies, and hears grievances, disciplinary hearings, and appeals.
[edit] Notable fires
[edit] Great Fire of 1760
The first "Great Fire" of Boston destroyed 349 buildings on March 20, 1760.
[edit] Great Fire of 1872
The second "Great Fire" of Boston began on November 9, 1872. The fire destroyed 776 buildings, killed 13 people, and caused $75,000,000 in property damage.[1] The fire required mutual aid companies from as far away as New Haven, Connecticut.
[edit] Cocoanut Grove Fire
The Cocoanut Grove fire is the deadliest nightclub fire in US history. At 10:15 PM on November 28, 1942 the fire began when a short in the electrical wiring ignited gas being leaked from a faulty refrigeration unit. The fire eventually claimed 492 lives, and injured hundreds more. It was the second deadliest building fire in the US. Only the Iroquois Theater fire in Chicago in 1903 killed more people (602).
[edit] Trumbull Street Fire
On the night of October 1, 1964, an abandoned 4-story factory caught fire in the South End. The building collapsed, resulting in the death of 5 fire fighters and a civilian photographer.
[edit] Paramount Hotel Fire
A large natural gas explosion occurred on January 28, 1966 at 17 Boylston Street. Fifty-seven people were injured, and eleven died as a result of the explosion and fire.
[edit] Vendome Hotel Fire
At 2:35 PM on Saturday, June 17, 1972, Box 1571 was received at Boston Fire Alarm for the Hotel Vendome on Commonwealth Avenue at Dartmouth Street in the Back Bay. It took nearly three hours to stop the 4-alarm blaze. During overhauling operations the southeast section of the building unexpectedly collapsed killing 9 of Boston's bravest and injuring 8 more.[3]
This fire was the worst tragedy in the history of the Boston Fire Department and one of the dozen most deadly fires in the history of U.S. firefighting.
[edit] East Boston gas surge
The East Boston gas surge took place on September 24, 1983.
[edit] West Roxbury Fire
On the evening of August 29th 2007, firefighters responded to a report of a fire in the Tai-Ho Chinese restaurant in the West Roxbury neighborhood of Boston. It was reported that smoke was observed on arrival, and a second alarm was promptly transmitted out of concern for the adjoining businesses.
Shortly after crews entered and began their initial attack, a suspected partial roof collapse and explosion trapped several firefighters inside. Witnesses observed and reported that about that time, a large fireball exploded out from the front of the restaurant windows several feet into the street and air.
The RIT (Rapid Intervention Team) was activated to search for the trapped and missing firefighters. As many as a dozen firefighters were evacuated and transported to area hospitals with various injuries. Two firefighters, Firefighter Paul J. Cahill of Engine 30 and Firefighter Warren J. Payne of Ladder 25, died as a result of their injuries sustained as a result of the explosion and collapse.
[edit] External links
[edit] References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Boston Fire Department History. Retrieved on 2007-04-22.
- ^ a b Boston Fire Department Overview. Retrieved on 2007-04-22.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Boston Fire Museum, History of BFD. Retrieved on 2007-04-22.
- ^ Boston Fire Stations. Retrieved on 2007-04-16.
- ^ Boston Fire Department Divisions. Retrieved on 2007-04-22.
