Boris Polevoy

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Boris Nikolaevich Polevoy (or Polevoi) (Russian: Бори́с Никола́евич Полево́й; March 17 [4], 1908 – July 12, 1981) was a notable Russian writer. He is the author of the book Story of a Real Man about pilot Alexei Petrovich Maresiev (or Alexej Petrovich Maresjev).

Boris Polevoy was a pseudonym for Boris Nikolaevich Kampov (1908-1981). He was born in Moscow in 1908, the son of a physician and a Jew, born "beyond the Pale." His parents were Nikolay Petrovich and Lidiya (Vasilyevna) Kampov. He was a graduate of the Tver Industrial Technical College (now Kalinin Industrial College).[1]

Prior to starting his career as a writer, he worked as a technologist at a textile factory in Kalinin. [2] As he began his journalism career in 1928, his talents were such that he was chosen to be patronized by Maxim Gorky.The Journal of Historical Review. [3]

His nom de plume has several variations based on transliterations. He was thought to have chosen the name in homage to Nikolai Polevoy, a nineteenth century Russian editor and writer known for writing historical novels very loosely based on facts.The Journal of Historical Review. [4]

Polevoi was said to have been a journalist, although more recently, he has been seen as a propagandist. "Polevoy had few equals in depicting German savagery or in glorifying Soviet heroism. His numerous writings on the war, published in the most influential newspaper of the USSR, not only epitomized Soviet propaganda but also influenced Soviet behavior," wrote Don Heddesheimer in The Journal of Historical Review. [5]

He is perhaps best known for his reporting on the atrocities at Auschwitz after its liberation, which were the first to have been published in Pravda. His accounts reportedly differ from what others found, including a description of a conveyor belt that first electrocuted, then transported inmates' corpses into a furnace.

Polevoi began reporting for Pravda in 1939 or 1941. (Accounts differ.[6] [7]) At the time, he was still serving in the Red Army as a lieutenant colonel, according to The Journal of Historical Review. [8] He would eventually attain the rank of colonel. He continued as a war correspondent for the newspaper until 1945.[9]

He married Yuliya Osipovna in 1939; the couple had two sons and a daughter.[10]

Story about a True Man (also translated as Story of a Real Man)was an immensely popular novel.[11] It was eventually made into an opera. It was first published in English in 1952, and was reprinted in 1970. The protagonist was also honored by having an asteroid named for him. [12]The story, which was never substantiated as fact.[13]

He also served as a deputy to Supreme Soviet Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic (R.S.F.S.R.) from 1951 to 1966 and was a member of the Soviet Union Communist Party from 1940 until his death. As such he was involved in party politics as a member of various organizations. He was chief editor of the journal Lunost from 1962 until his death and was a board member of the Union of Soviet Journalists from 1959. He also served on the Soviet Peace Committee and Bureau World Peace Council.[14]

For years, Polevoy exchanged a series of letters with Howard Fast, an American writer who had been a member of the Communist Party for 15 years best known as the author of Spartacus. [15] The two had met briefly. Fast attempted to contact Polevoy when he decided to withdraw from the party, but there was no response from Polevoy. Fast decided to make his letters public. Polevoy eventually responded. Whether the delay was the result of the letters being intercepted or the result of Polevoy's reluctance to respond remains unclear.

Polevoy writes that when he received Fast's news, "that night I could not fall asleep. I kept thinking of your books. Their heroes crowded around me and together with them, as it were, I went over the whole situation. I felt sure that Gideon Jackson, who fought the good fight to the bitter end, would not have been less taken aback than I was by what happened. Neither would Spartacus, even if he did live at a time when there were neither the philosophical theories nor the practical experience that throw light over mankind's path today, a time without the cultural values of today or the progressive intellectuals bearing aloft the banner of peace at all circumstances." [16]

His popularity with Soviet readers never diminished. "Polevoy's books, articles, and political commentaries gained him an international readership well before the end of the war. He remained influential until his death in 1981, at which time he was secretary of the all-powerful Union of Soviet Writers," wrote Heddescheimer. "During his lifetime, Polevoy was named a Hero of Socialist Labor and awarded the Stalin Prize for literature, three Orders of Lenin, two Red Banners, the Red Star, and the Gold Medal of the World Peace Council."The Journal of Historical Review. [17]

[edit] References

  1. ^ "Boris Nikolayevich Kampov," Contemporary Authors Online, Thomson Gale, 2007.
  2. ^ "Boris Nikolayevich Kampov," Contemporary Authors Online, Thomson Gale, 2007.
  3. ^ http://www.ihr.org/jhr/v21/v21n1p23_heddescheimer.html
  4. ^ http://www.ihr.org/jhr/v21/v21n1p23_heddescheimer.html
  5. ^ http://www.ihr.org/jhr/v21/v21n1p23_heddescheimer.html
  6. ^ http://www.ihr.org/jhr/v21/v21n1p23_heddescheimer.html
  7. ^ "Boris Nikolayevich Kampov," Contemporary Authors Online, Thomson Gale, 2007.
  8. ^ http://www.ihr.org/jhr/v21/v21n1p23_heddescheimer.html
  9. ^ "Boris Nikolayevich Kampov," Contemporary Authors Online, Thomson Gale, 2007.
  10. ^ "Boris Nikolayevich Kampov," Contemporary Authors Online, Thomson Gale, 2007.
  11. ^ Von Geldern, James and Richard Stites, eds. Mass Culture in Soviet Russia: Tales, Poems, Songs, Movies, Plays, and Folklore, 1917-1953, Indiana University Press, 1995.ISBN 0253328934
  12. ^ Kaganovsky, Lilya. “How the Soviet Man Was (Un)Made,” Slavic Review, Vol. 63, No. 3. (Autumn, 2004), pp. 577-596.
  13. ^ http://www.ihr.org/jhr/v21/v21n1p23_heddescheimer.html
  14. ^ "Boris Nikolayevich Kampov," Contemporary Authors Online, Thomson Gale, 2007.
  15. ^ Salisbury, Harrison E. "Writers in the Shadow of Communism: An exchange of letters between the American, Howard Fast, and a Soviet author indicates that communism cannot permit a writer to speak honestly, even to a friend," The New York Times Magazine June 9, 1957, p.10 Reprinted at http://www.trussel.com/hf/shadow.htm
  16. ^ Salisbury, Harrison E. "Writers in the Shadow of Communism: An exchange of letters between the American, Howard Fast, and a Soviet author indicates that communism cannot permit a writer to speak honestly, even to a friend," The New York Times Magazine June 9, 1957, p.10 Reprinted at http://www.trussel.com/hf/shadow.htm
  17. ^ http://www.ihr.org/jhr/v21/v21n1p23_heddescheimer.html

[edit] External links

[edit] Select Works

  • Повесть о настоящем человеке.
  • Золото.
  • Goriachii tsekh, 1940.
  • Ot Belgoroda do Karpat, 1945, translation published as From Belgorod to the Carpathians, From a Soviet War Correspondent's Notebook, Hutchinson, 1945.
  • My--sovetskie liudi (short stories), 1948 , translation published as We Are Soviet People, Foreign Language Publishing House, 1949.
  • Vernulsia, 1949, translation by O. Shortse published as He Came Back, Foreign Language Publishing House, 1957.
  • Amerikanskie dnevniki (title means "American Diaries"), 1956.
  • V bol'shom nastuplenii, 1967.
  • Izbrannye proizvedeniia (title means "Selected Works"), two volumes, 1969.
  • Sozdateli morei, 1975.
  • Tridtsat let spustia, 1975.