Bolognese Swordsmanship
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Bolognese Swordsmanship, also known as the Dardi school is a tradition within the Italian school of swordsmanship, based in 16th century Bologna.
It is named for Lippo Bartolomeo Dardi di Lucca, a fencing master whose tradition is the foundation for the work of Antonio Manciolino and Achille Marozzo. Bolognese masters over at least six decades show a consistent unity of style and terminology justifying their treatment as within a single school. Dardi founded the school in 1415, just a few years after Fiore dei Liberi completed his Fior di Battaglia. No manuscript ascribed to Dardi himself survives.
The Dardi school uses primarily a single-handed sword (generally referred to as a side-sword), still used for both cutting and thrusting. The sword is combined with various defensive weapons, including a shield (brocchiero, rotella or targa), a dagger, a gauntlet or a cape. The two-handed sword or spadone is also still taught, although losing its prominence. In addition, there are treatments of fighting with the poleaxe and other polearms.
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[edit] Sources
[edit] Manciolino
The Opera Nova of Antonio Manciolino is dated at 1531 but this work appears to be a reprint of an early text that may date to 1509.
[edit] Marozzo
Achille Marozzo's text Opera Nova dell'arte delle armi ("New Treatise on the Art of Arms") was published in 1536 in Modena, dedicated to Count Rangoni. It is considered the most important work on Italian fencing of the 16th century. It exemplifies techniques about fighting in a duel with all the major weapons of the times.
[edit] Anonimo Bolognese
The L'Arte della Spada ("Art of the Sword") treatise by the Anonimo Bolognese (anonymous master of Bologna), Manuscripts Ravenna M-345 and M-346 is an early 16th century fencing manual of the Bolognese school. It is dated to the "very first years of the 1500s" by Rubboli and Cesari (2005), who would like to ascribe it to the master of Manciolino, while other estimates place it closer to 1550.
[edit] Angelo Viggiani
Angelo Viggiani's Lo Schermo was written around 1550 and published posthumously, ca. 1575.
[edit] Dall'Agocchie
Giovanni dall'Agocchie, Dell'Arte di Schrimia, 1572.
[edit] Literature
- M. Rubboli, L. Cesari (eds.), Anonimo Bolognese - L'Arte della Spada, Trattato di scherma dell'inizio del XVI secolo, Il Cerchio (2005).
[edit] External links
- Bolognese Swordsmanship
- Bolognese Swordsmanship: The Dardi School
- Bolognese Swordsmanship (2006 class handout) by Tom Leoni
- Site dedicated to the study of the Dardi tradition maintained by William E Wilson
- site of Sala d'Arme Achille Marozzo (Italian Ancient Fencing Art Institute) - Italian Fencing School involved in study of Marozzo and the Bolognese School