Blue-faced Honeyeater
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Blue-faced Honeyeater | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
||||||||||||||
| Conservation status | ||||||||||||||
| Scientific classification | ||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||
| Binomial name | ||||||||||||||
| Entomyzon cyanotis (Latham, 1802) |
The Blue-faced Honeyeater (Entomyzon cyanotis), also colloquially known as Bananabird, is a passerine bird of the Honeyeater family Meliphagidae commonly found around the northern and eastern coasts of Australia and New Guinea. The only member of its genus, it is most closely related to honeyeaters of the genus Melithreptus. Three subspecies are recognised. It is large for a honeyeater and easily identified by its bare blue face-patch. Found in open woodland, parks and gardens, its diet is made up of nectar and invertebrates.
Contents |
[edit] Taxonomy and naming
Originally described as Gracula cyanotis by ornithologist John Latham in 1802, though he also considered Merops (as M. cyanops) and Turdus (as T. cyanous).[1] It is the only member of the genus Entomyzon, though its plumage suggests an affinity with honeyeaters of the genus Melithreptus. It has been classified in that genus by Storr,[2][3] though others felt it more closely related to Wattlebirds (Anthochaera) or Miners (Manorina).[4] A recent molecular study, however, has resolved it as close to Melithreptus after all.[5] DNA analysis has shown honeyeaters to be related to the Pardalotidae (pardalotes), Acanthizidae (Australian warblers, scrubwrens, thornbills, etc.), and the Maluridae (Australian fairy-wrens) in a large Meliphagoidea superfamily.[6]
The generic name is derived from the Ancient Greek stems ento-/εντο- ("inside") and myzein/μυζειν "to drink" or "suck" while the specific name "blue-eared" comes from cyano-/κυανο "blue" and otis/ωτος Latinized genitive of ous/ους "ear".[7] Other common names include Banana-bird, Pandanas-bird, White-quilled Honeyeater, Morning-bird, Blue-eye and Gympie. It is called (minha) yeewi, where minha is a qualifier meaning 'meat' or 'animal', in Pakanh, (inh -) ewelmb in Uw Oykangand and Uw Olkola, where inh- is a qualifier meaning 'meat' or 'animal', in three aboriginal languages of central Cape York Peninsula.[8]
Three races are recognized:
- E. c. albipennis: described by John Gould in 1841 and found in north Queensland, west though the Gulf of Carpentaria in the Northern Territory and across into the top of Western Australia,[9] with white on the wings and a discontinuous stripe on the nape.
- E. c. cyanotis: nominate race described below - found from Cape York Peninsula south through Queensland and New South Wales into the Riverina region.
- E. c. griseigularis:From southwestern New Guinea, described in 1909.[10]
[edit] Description
A large honeyeater 25-32 cm (9-13 in) in length, the adult Blue-faced honeyeater is easily recognised by its patch of bare blue skin around its eyes. The head and throat are otherwise predominantly blackish with a white stripe around the nape and another from the cheek. The underparts are white and the back and wings olive in colour. Juveniles are distinguished by their yellow or greenish face patches and dark brown rather than black on the head. The call is a ki-owt.[11]
[edit] Distribution and habitat
They live throughout open woodland, pandanus, paperbarks, mangroves, watercourses, parks and gardens. They are commonly known to suck the nectar out of grevillea trees and are very common around the backyard.
[edit] Diet
Their diet consists of pollen, berries, nectar, and cultivated crops such as bananas or particularly grapes, but the bulk of their diet consists of insects. Usually very inquisitive, and friendly birds, they will often invade a campsite, searching for edible items.
[edit] Reproduction
Blue-faced honeyeaters may nest from June to January, breding once or twice during this time. The nest is an untidy deep bowl of sticks and bits of bark in the fork of a tree, Birds Nest or Staghorn Fern or deserted babbler nest. Two or rarely three eggs are laid, 22 x 32 mm (1 x 1⅓ in) and buff-pink splotched with red-brown or purplish colours.[12] It is one of the many bird species parasitised by the Asian Koel.
[edit] References
- ^ Latham, J. (1802). Supplementum Indicis Ornithologici, sive Systematis Ornithologiae. London: G. Leigh, J. & S. Sotheby 74 pp. [xxix]
- ^ Storr, G.M., (1977) Birds of the Northern Territory. Western Australian Museum Special Publication No. 7.
- ^ Storr, G.M., (1984) Revised List of Queensland birds. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement No. 19.
- ^ Schodde, R., (1975) Interim list of Australian Songbirds. Passerines. Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union, Melbourne.
- ^ Driskell, A.C., Christidis, L (2004) Phylogeny and evolution of the Australo-Papuan honeyeaters (Passeriformes, Meliphagidae) Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 31 943–960
- ^ Barker, F.K., Cibois, A., Schikler, P., Feinstein, J., and Cracraft, J (2004) Phylogeny and diversification of the largest avian radiation. Proceedings Natl. Acad. Sci., USA 101 11040-11045
- ^ Liddell, Henry George and Robert Scott (1980). A Greek-English Lexicon (Abridged Edition). United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-910207-4.
- ^ Philip Hamilton (1997). blue-faced honeyeater, Entomyzon cyanotis. Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies. Retrieved on 2007-07-04.
- ^ Gould, J. (1841). In Proceedings of meeting of Zoological Society of London, Dec. 8, 1840. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1840: 168-178 [169]
- ^ Van Oort, E.D. (1909). Birds from south western and southern New Guinea. Nova Guinea Résultats de l'expédition scientifique Néerlandaise a la Nouvelle-Guinée. Nova Guinea Zool. 9: 51-107 [97].
- ^ Simpson K, Day N, Trusler P (1993). Field Guide to the Birds of Australia. Ringwood, Victoria: Viking O'Neil, 392. ISBN 0-670-90478-3.
- ^ Beruldsen, G (2003). Australian Birds: Their Nests and Eggs. Kenmore Hills, Qld: self, 314. ISBN 0-646-42798-9.
[edit] External links
