Blood type (non-human)

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This article is about non-human blood types. For human blood types, see blood type.

Animals and bacteria have cell surface antigens referred to as a blood type. Antigens from the human ABO blood group system are also found in apes such as chimpanzees, bonobos and gorillas. Other animal blood sometimes agglutinates (to varying levels of intensity) with human blood group reagents, but the structure of the blood group antigens in animals is not always identical to those typically found in humans. The classification of most animal blood groups therefore uses different blood typing systems to those used for classification of human blood.

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[edit] Simian blood groups

Two categories of blood groups, human-type and simian-type, have been found in apes and monkeys and can be tested by methods established for grouping human blood.

[edit] Rhesus blood group

Main article: Rhesus blood group system

The Rhesus system is named after the Rhesus monkey, following experiments by Karl Landsteiner and Alexander S. Wiener, which showed that rabbits, when immunised with Rhesus monkey red cells, produce an antibody that also agglutinates the red blood cells of many humans.

[edit] Chimpanzee blood group systems

Data on blood groups of chimpanzees, baboons and macaques. Two complex chimpanzee blood group systems, V-A-B-D and R-C-E-F systems, proved to be counterparts of the human MNS and Rh-Hr blood group systems, respectively. Two blood group systems have been defined in Old World monkeys: the Drh system of macaques and the Bp system of baboons, both linked by at least one species shared by either of the blood group systems. [1]

[edit] Canine blood groups

Over 13 canine blood groups have been described. Eight DEA (Dog Erythrocyte Antigen) types are recognized as international standards. [2] [3] [4] Of the DEA, DEA 4 and DEA 6 appear on the red blood cell of ~98% of dogs. Dogs with only DEA 4 or DEA 6 can thus serve as blood donors for the majority of the canine population. Any of the DEA may stimulate an immune response in a recipient of a blood transfusion, but reactions to DEA 1.1 and 1.2 are the most severe. A simple blood card typing system is available to determine if a dog has DEA 1.1 or 1.2 antigens on their red blood cell.

[edit] Feline blood groups

The commonly recognized system of feline blood designates cats as A, B, or AB. The vast majority of cats in the United States are Type A, but the percentage of Type B cats increases in other countries, such as Australia.[5][6] Type A and B cats have naturally occurring alloantibodies to the opposite blood type, although the reaction of Type B cats to Type A blood is more severe than viceversa. Based on this, all cats should have a simple blood typing test done to determine their blood type prior to a transfusion.

[edit] Equine blood groups

There are eight recognized blood groups in the horse: A, C, D, K, P, Q, T, and U. The polymorphic systems in cattle include the A, B, C, F, J, L, M, S, and Z polymorphisms.

[edit] External links

[edit] References

  1. ^ Socha WW. Blood groups of apes and monkeys: current status and practical applications.Lab Anim Sci. 1980 Aug;30(4 Pt 1):698-702. PMID 6775134.
  2. ^ Symons M, Bell K. Expansion of the canine A blood group system. Anim Genet 1991;22(3):227-35.
  3. ^ Symons M, Bell K. Canine blood groups: description of 20 specificities. Anim Genet 1992;23(6):509-15.
  4. ^ Andrews GA, Chavey PS, Smith JE. Reactivity of lichen lectins with blood typed canine erythrocytes. Res Vet Sci 1992 Nov;53(3):315-9.
  5. ^ Giger U; Kilrain C.G. Filippich L.J. et al. (1989). "Frequencies of feline blood groups in the United States.". Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 195: 1230–1232. 
  6. ^ Malik R; Griffin D.L. White J.D. et al. (2005). "The prevalence of feline A/B blood types in the Sydney region.". Australian Veterinary Journal 83: 38–44. doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.2005.tb12190.x. 

Boyd, WC. Fundamentals of Immunology Third Edition 1956, Interscience.


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