Black-throated Gray Warbler

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Black-throated Gray Warbler

Conservation status
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Parulidae
Genus: Dendroica
Species: D. nigrescens
Binomial name
Dendroica nigrescens
(Townsend, 1837)

The Black-throated Gray Warbler (Dendroica nigrescens) is a small songbird of the New World warbler family. These birds have a black crown, a white face, a thin pointed bill, white wing bars, gray upperparts with black streaks on their back and white underparts with black streaks on the flanks. Adult males have a black throat and cheeks; females have a white throat and dark gray cheeks.

Their breeding habitat is open coniferous and mixed forests in western North America, especially with oak, juniper or pinyon pine. The nest is an open cup usually placed on a horizontal tree branch. The female lays 3 to 5 eggs; both parents feed the young.

These birds migrate to Mexico and the south-western United States.

They forage actively in low foliage, sometimes hovering or catching insects in flight. They mainly eat insects, especially caterpillars.

The song of the male bird is a buzzed zee-zee-zee-bzz-zee. The call is a sharp tup.

Contents

[edit] References

[edit] External links

[edit] Gallery

Second year Female

[edit] Further reading

[edit] Book

  • Guzy, M. J., and P. E. Lowther. 1997. Black-throated Gray Warbler (Dendroica nigrescens). In The Birds of North America, No. 319 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and The American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C.

[edit] Thesis

  • Greene FP. Ph.D. (1989). Food resources, interspecific aggression, and community organization in a guild of insectivorous birds. Princeton University, United States -- New Jersey.

[edit] Articles

  • Academy Of Natural Sciences Of P. (1997). Black-throated gray warbler Dendroica nigrescens. Birds of North America. vol 0, no 319. p. 1-20.
  • Adams B. (1968). Black-Throated Gray Warbler and Virginias Warbler Banded in New-Jersey USA Dendroica-Nigrescens Vermivora-Virginiae. Wilson Bulletin. vol 80, no 2.
  • Alexander HG. (1973). Black-Throated Gray Warbler in Delaware County. Cassinia. vol 54, p. 27-28.
  • Bagne KE, Purcell KL & Rotenberry JT. (2004). Returning fire to the Sierra Nevada: Response of avian populations to prescribed burning. Ecological Society of America Annual Meeting Abstracts. vol 89, no 28.
  • Bulluck L, Fleishman E, Betrus C & Blair R. (2006). Spatial and temporal variations in species occurrence rate affect the accuracy of occurrence models. Global Ecology & Biogeography. vol 15, no 1. p. 27-38.
  • Contreras-Balderas A. (1973). 3 New Bird Entries for the State of Nuevo-Leon Mexico. Publicaciones Biologicas Instituto de Investigaciones Cientificas U. vol A, p. (Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon).
  • Contreras-Balderas S. (1973). Biological Publications Institute of Scientific Investigation Autonomous University of Nuevo-Leon. Publicaciones Biologicas Instituto de Investigaciones Cientificas U. vol A, p. (Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon).
  • Ga Ornithol Soc Checklist C. (1977). Species Recently Accepted in the Official List of Georgia Birds. Oriole. vol 42, no 1. p. 1-4.
  • Gehlbach FR. (1967). New Records of Warblers in Texas. Southwestern Naturalist. vol 12, no 1. p. 109-110.
  • Greenberg R, Keeler-Wolf T & Keeler-Wolf V. (1974). Wood Warbler Populations in the Yolla-Bolly Mountains of California. Western Birds. vol 5, no 3. p. 81-90.
  • Hagar JC, McComb WC & Emmingham WH. (1996). Bird communities in commercially thinned and unthinned Douglas-fir stands of western Oregon. Wildlife Society Bulletin. vol 24, no 2. p. 353-366.
  • Hayes JP, Weikel JM & Huso MMP. (2003). Response of birds to thinning young Douglas-fir forests. Ecological Applications. vol 13, no 5. p. 1222-1232.
  • Hendricks P. (2004). First nesting record of Black-throated Gray Warbler (Dendroica nigrescens) for Montana. Western North American Naturalist. vol 64, no 4. p. 548-550.
  • Herndon LR. (1972). Black-Throated Gray Warbler. Migrant. vol 43, no 3. p. 67-68.
  • John JK & Michael LM. (1999). Temporal variation in resource use by Black-throated Gray Warblers. The Condor. vol 101, no 1. p. 67.
  • Keane JJ & Morrison ML. (1999). Temporal variation in resource use by black-throated Gray Warblers. Condor. vol 101, no 1. p. 67-75.
  • Lock PA & Naiman RJ. (1998). Effects of stream size on bird community structure in coastal temperate forests of the Pacific northwest, U.S.A. Journal of Biogeography. vol 25, no 4. p. 773-782.
  • Lovette IJ, Bermingham E, Rohwer S & Wood C. (1999). Mitochondrial restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and sequence variation among closely related avian species and the genetic characterization of hybrid Dendroica warblers. Molecular Ecology. vol 8, no 9. p. 1431-1441.
  • Morrison ML. (1982). The Structure of Western Warbler Assemblages Eco Morphological Analysis of the Black-Throated Gray Warblers Dendroica-Nigrescens and Hermit Warblers Dendroica-Occidentalis. Auk. vol 99, no 3. p. 503-513.
  • Morrison ML. (1984). Influence of Sample Size and Sampling Design on Analysis of Avian Foraging Behavior. Condor. vol 86, no 2. p. 146-150.
  • Morrison ML, Hall LS, Keane JJ, Kuenzi AJ & Verner J. (1993). Distribution and abundance of birds in the White Mountains, California. Great Basin Naturalist. vol 53, no 3. p. 246-258.
  • Morrison ML & Hardy JW. (1983). Vocalizations of the Black-Throated Gray Warbler Dendroica-Nigrescens. Wilson Bulletin. vol 95, no 4. p. 640-643.
  • Pavlacky DC, Jr. & Anderson SH. (2001). Habitat preferences of pinyon-juniper specialists near the limit of their geographic range. Condor. vol 103, no 2. p. 322-331.
  • Pearson SF & Manuwal DA. (2001). Breeding bird response to riparian buffer width in managed pacific northwest Douglas-fir forests. Ecological Applications. vol 11, no 3. p. 840-853.
  • Remsen JVJ & Cardiff S. (1979). Aimophila-Ruficeps-Scottii New-Record Rufous-Crowned Sparrow in California USA. Western Birds. vol 10, no 1. p. 45-46.
  • Rising JD. (1988). Phenetic Relationships among the Warblers in the Dendroica-Virens Complex and a Record of Dendroica-Virens from Sonora Mexico. Wilson Bulletin. vol 100, no 2. p. 312-316.
  • Rohwer S. (1994). Two new hybrid Dendroica warblers and new methodology for inferring parental species. Auk. vol 111, no 2. p. 441-449.
  • Rohwer S, Wood C & Bermingham E. (2000). A new hybrid warbler (Dendroica nigrescens x D-occidentalis) and diagnosis of similar D-townsendi x D-occidentalis recombinants. Condor. vol 102, no 3. p. 713-718.
  • Schorger AW. (1969). Black-Throated Gray Warbler Dendroica-Nigrescens at Madison Wisconsin. Auk. vol 86, no 4.
  • Sedgwick JA. (1987). Avian Habitat Relationships in Pinyon-Juniper Woodland. Wilson Bulletin. vol 99, no 3. p. 413-431.
  • Sievert R, Christopher W & Eldredge B. (2000). A new hybrid warbler (Dendroica nigrescens x D. occidentalis) and diagnosis of similar D Townsendi x D. occidentalis recombinants. The Condor. vol 102, no 3. p. 713.
  • Wallace GE, Wallace EAH, Froehlich DR, Walker B, Kirkconnell A, Torres ES, Carlisle HA & Machell E. (1999). Hermit Thrush and Black-throated Gray Warbler, new for Cuba, and other significant bird records from Cayo Coco and vicinity, Ciego de Avila Province, Cuba, 1995-1997. Florida Field Naturalist. vol 27, no 2. p. 37-51.
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