Portal:Biotechnology

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The Biotechnology Portal

Welcome to the Biotechnology portal. Biotechnology is a technology based on biology, especially when used in agriculture, food science, and medicine.

Of the many different definitions available, the one formulated by the UN Convention on Biological Diversity is one of the broadest:

"Biotechnology means any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use." (Article 2. Use of Terms)

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Basic concepts
Allele · Artificial selection · Bioreactor · Cell · DNA · Fermentation · Gene · Plasmid · Protein · RNA Branches: Blue · Green · Red · White
Biotechnology fields
Bioinformatics BLAST · Clustal · Docking · FASTA · GenBank · NCBI · PubMed · UniProt Environmental Biotechnology Biofuel (Biodiesel) · Biogas · Compost · Water purification Biotechnology products Acetone · Bioethanol · Butanol · Dextran · Pullulan · Xanthan Fermented food: Bread · Cheese · Yogurt · Kefir · Vinegar · Sauerkraut └Alcoholic drinks: Beer · Cava · Cider · Mead · Sake · Tequila · Vodka · Whisky · Wine Fermented Feed Additives: Methionine ·Lysine ·Threonine ·Tryptophan · Antibiotics: Amoxicillin · Penicillin Omics Bionomics · Chemogenomics · Cytomics · Genomics · Glycomics · Immunoproteomics · Interactomics · Lipidomics · Metabolomics · Metagenomics · Pharmacogenomics · Proteomics · Secretomics · Toxicogenomics · Transcriptomics	Genetic improvement and selection Artificial selection Dwarf plant · QTL Transgenic A. Tumefaciens · Biolistics · Chimera · Knockdown · Knock-in · Knock-out · Pharming · Ti plasmid Genetically modified organism: Golden rice Gene & Cell therapy Adeno-associated virus · Adenovirus · Stem cell · Electrotransfer · Lentivirus · Cationic liposome · Cationic polymer · shRNA · siRNA · Xenotransplant Genetic engineering BAC · Cosmid · Gene library · PCR · YAC Recombinant proteins: FVIII · FSH · GH · Insulin · Plantibody · Plant-made pharmaceuticals · Use of biotechnology in pharmaceutical manufacturing
Basic techniques and tools
Biology field Cell culture ·Flow cytometry · Hybridoma · HPLC · NMR · Spectroscopy	Chemical engineering field Centrifugation · CSTR · DSTR · Crystallization · Chromatography (de repartition, adsorption, hydrophobic, reverse, filtration, ion exchange & affinity) · Dialysis · Electrophoresis · Extraction · Fed Batch · Filtration · PFR · Sedimentation
Interdisciplinary fields
Biology · Biopharmacology · Biomedical engineering · Biomedicine · Biochemicals · Chemical engineering · Microbiology · Mining · Nanobiotechnology · Taxonomy · Virology

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for the pyrosequencing are needed the enzymes: DNA polymerase, ATP sulfurylase, apyrase and...? - Answer

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Biotechnology subcategories:

Bioinformatics - Biotechnology companies - Biotechnology law - Biotechnology products - Cell imaging - Cloning - Genetic engineering - Genetically modified organisms - Molecular genetics - Stem cells

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Stem cells in animals are primal undifferentiated cells that retain the ability to divide and differentiate into other cell types. In higher plants this function is the defining property of the meristematic cells. Stem cells have the ability to act as a repair system for the body, because they can divide and differentiate, replenishing other cells as long as the host organism is alive.

Medical researchers believe stem cell research has the potential to change the face of human disease by being used to repair specific tissues or to grow organs. Yet there is general agreement that, "significant technical hurdles remain that will only be overcome through years of intensive research."^[1]

The study of stem cells is attributed as beginning in the 1960s after research by Canadian scientists Ernest A. McCulloch and James E. Till.

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