Biological kingdom chart

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The Biological Kingdom Chart presents the biological kingdoms in a graphic format, classifying kingdoms according to three factors. The first classification is according to cellular structure - either prokaryotic or eukaryotic. The second is by cellular organization - unicellular or multi-cellular (with the possible addition of societal). The final classification is by trophic function - with autotrophs consisting of chemosynthetic and photosynthetic varieties, and heterotrophs mobile and sessile. The Biological Kingdom Chart also partially demonstrates the logical progression of simple forms coöperating to form more complex and robust forms, as in Lynn Margulis' endosymbiotic theory.

[edit] The Biological Kingdom Chart

protocells Autotrophic Heterotrophic
Chemosynthetic Photosynthetic Mobile Sessile
Prokaryotic Cells
small, simple		 Kingdom Archea
Three strains, all heat sensitive and anaerobic.		 Kingdom Eubacteria
Aerobic Photosynthetic Bacteria. Formerly called blue-green algae.		 Kingdom Eubacteria
Aerobic spirochetes.		 Kingdom Eubacteria
Aerobic spored bacteria		 Unicellular
Eukaryotic Cells
large and complex. Evolved as symbiosis of prokaryotes.		 No kingdoms evolved on earth. Kingdom Protista
Green, golden, red, and brown unicellular algae.		 Kingdom Protista
Protozoans- amoebae, ciliates, flagellates		 Kingdom Protista
Sporozoans like plasmodium.		 Unicellular
Kingdom Fungi
yeast
Eukaryotic Cells
organized as tissues, then organs and organ systems		 Kingdom Plantae
Seaweeds and kelp, mosses, liverworts, spores plants (club mosses & ferns), gymnosperms, and flowering plants		 Kingdom Animalia
sponges, coelenterates, flatworms, roundworms, mollusks, annelids, arthropods, echinoderms and chordates		 Kingdom Fungi
Ascomycete, basidiomycete, phycomycetes, and fungi imperfecti.		 Multicellular
Humans Societal
Notes- Darwinian competition fills out the members of each box, Margulian cooperation allows each new layer to form. Protocells are placed at the top left, indicating that they have proto-cellular structure, no cellular organization, and no intrinsic trophic function.