Biecz

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Biecz

Town view

Coat of arms

Biecz

Coordinates: 49°43′55″N 21°15′45″E / 49.73194, 21.2625

Country

Poland

Established

Town rights

1257

Government

- Mayor

Kazimierz Grzesiak

Area

- Total

17.8 km² (6.9 sq mi)

Elevation

281 m (922 ft)

Population (2006)

- Total

4,585

- Density

257.6/km² (667.1/sq mi)

Time zone

CET (UTC+1)

- Summer (DST)

CEST (UTC+2)

Postal code

38-340

Area code(s)

+48 13

Car plates

KGR

Website: http://www.biecz.pl

Biecz [bjɛt͡ʂ] - town and municipality in south-eastern Poland, in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in powiat gorlicki, in the Carpathian Mountains. It is located in the heartland of the Doły (Pits), and its average altitude is 400 metres above sea level, although there are some hills located within the confines of the city, on the Ropa River.

The etymology of the town's name is very interesting - still considered obscure, but possibly traces back to as early as the beginning of the first millennium or the first centuries thereof.

The historic sources as early as Ptolemaeus mentioned about the tribe (of unknown origin) called Biessi (sing. Biessus) which could be traced back to the "subcarpathian" territory. "...Below the Venedae are the Gythones, then the Finni, then the Sulones; below whom are the Phrungundiones; then the Avarini near the source of the Vistula river; below these are the Ombrones, then the Anartophracti, then the Burgiones, then the Arsietae, then the Saboci, then the Piengitae and the Biessi near the Carpathian mountains..."

Scholars make associations to Beskidy Mountains, however that toponym appears to derive probably from the dialects of Wallachian/Albanian shepherds (nomadic culture in all the Carpathian Mountains).

There is also a theory linking the name to the West Slavic/Croatian dialectal word meaning "town, borough". It might be also of some interest that the same root is used in naming the city of Vienna in South Slavic languages, in Hungarian and in Romany dialects (Beč - Беч in Serbo-Croatian, Bech or Vidnya (Romani), Bécs (in Hungarian, pronounced like "betch" or "beach". Hence, this is plausible to be a part of Sarmatian substratum in Croatian and Lesser Poland's dialects/Galician-Polish).

1 History
2 Monuments
3 Transport, education and economy
4 Famous people
5 References

[edit] History

Biecz in 1617

The first settlement appeared in the Neolithic Age. The first mentions of the town are from the 11th century, when the town was about 500 metres away from the present location. In the 12th century the town was a castellany. In about 1257 the settlement was granted town rights. In 1363 Kazimierz III the Great granted rights based on Magdeburg Law to the town. Biecz was favourite town of Jadwiga of Poland. In the 14th century Biecz was one of the largest cities in Poland. By the 15th century the town had a mill, scales and water-supply system. By the mid-15th century in town had about 3000 inhabitants. From the 17th century the town suffered many floods, fires and plagues and, as a result its importance in Poland declined. In 1721 was the great plague which killed almost everyone - only 30 inhabitants survived. The 19th century brought some change for the better, but in 1903 a great fire destroyed over 50 houses. In World War II the town suffered heavy losses of population. In 1942, Germans murdered 200 local Jews on the market square. After the war much conservation was done.

[edit] Monuments

There is a beautiful Gothic parish church, built in the 14th century. Not far from the church there is the preserved part of the town with a 15th century bell tower and old rectory. In the center of the town is the town hall. The tower was collapsed in 1569 and it was rebuilt in the years 1569-1580. In the eastern part of Biecz there is a Gothic hospital, the first hospital in this part of Poland. Biecz also has a church of Reformed Franciscans, which was built in 17th century.

There were three castles in Biecz: