Bernard de Gomme

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Sir Bernard de Gomme (1620, Terneuzen – 23 November 1685, London) was a Dutch military engineer. By some he is considered the most important figure in 17th century English military engineering.[1]

Contents

[edit] Early life

De Gomme was born in Terneuzen, Zeeland as the son of Maria Huybrechts[2] and perhaps Pieter de Gomme, who in 1631 was in charge of supplies at the Dutch fortresses of Lillo and Liefkenshoek on either side of the mouth of the Scheldt near Terneuzen.[3] In his youth he served in the campaigns of Frederick Henry, prince of Orange, for example in the Gennep campaign of 1641.[1] He afterwards accompanied Prince Rupert to England, and was knighted by Charles I. He served with conspicuous ability in the royalist army as engineer and quartermaster-general from June 1642 to May 1646,[4] leaving England after the 1646 defeats of the first English Civil War. His plan of the fortifications and castle of Liverpool, dated 1644, is preserved in the British Museum.[5]

[edit] Return to Netherlands

In 1646, Gomme returned to the Netherlands, where he worked as civil engineer, amongst others at the construction of polders in Flanders. On 15 June 1649, Gomme received a commission from Charles II, then at Breda, to be quartermaster-general of all forces to be raised in England and Wales.[6] On September 16, 1654 at Middelburg he married Catharina van Deynse, widow of Johannes Beverland, by whom he had a daughter, Anna.[2]. Gomme was present as military engineer at the Battle of the Dunes near Dunkirk in 1658.[1]. After the English Restoration he was restored to favor in England and was appointed there Surveyor-General of Fortifications in 1660.

[edit] Restoration

In March 1661 he was promoted to engineer-in-chief of all the king's castles and fortifications in England and Wales. Among his first tasks were the repairs of Dover pier, the erection of fortifications at Dunkirk, and the surveying of Tilbury Fort. In August 1665 instructions were given for making the fortifications at Portsmouth according to the plans prepared by Gomme. On 14 Nov. of the same year the king directed him to give his assistance to commissioners for making the Cam navigable, and establishing a communication with the Thames. Three days later he received a commission to build a new citadel on the Hoe of Plymouth. In March 1667, he accompanied the Duke of York to Harwich, which it was proposed to entrench completely all round. On returning to London he was summoned to give advice for fortifying the Medway and Portsmouth, as well as Harwich.[7] In 1673 and 1675 he was making surveys about Dublin. A reference to Gomme's design of building a fort-royal on the strand near Ringsend, in the neighbourhood of Dublin, occurs in the report of the elder Sir Jonas Moore, surveyor-general of ordnance, drawn up in 1675.[8] In July 1682, Gomme was appointed surveyor-general of ordnance.[9] He died on 23 November 1685, and was buried on the 30th of that month in the chapel of the Tower of London.[10] He left liberal legacies to the Dutch Church in London and to Christ's Hospital. After Katherine's death, Gomme had remarried, by license dated 15 October 1667, Catherine Lucas of Bevis Marks, a widow of fifty who died a few weeks before him, and was also buried in the Tower chapel, 19 October 1685.

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b c Biography at fortified-places website [1]
  2. ^ a b Genealogy
  3. ^ Registers van commissiën en instructiën 1578-1809 at the Zeeland Archives [2]
  4. ^ Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1660–1, p. 448
  5. ^ Sloane MS. 5027, A. art. 63
  6. ^ Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1649–50, p. 188
  7. ^ PEPYS, Diary, ed. 1854, iii. 90
  8. ^ ‘Letters written by Arthur Capel, Earl of Essex, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland,’ &c., 4to, London, 1770 (p. 167)
  9. ^ CHAMBERLAYNE, Angliæ Notitia, ed. 1684, pt. ii. p. 219
  10. ^ Notes and Queries, 2nd ser. ix. 252