Berger-Kazdan comparison theorem

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In mathematics, the Berger-Kazdan comparison theorem is a result in Riemannian geometry that gives a lower bound on the volume of a Riemannian manifold and also gives a necessary and sufficient condition for the manifold to be isometric to the m-dimensional sphere with its usual "round" metric. The theorem is named after the mathematicians Marcel Berger and Jerry Kazdan.

[edit] Statement of the theorem

Let (Mg) be a compact m-dimensional Riemannian manifold with injectivity radius inj(M). Let vol denote the volume form on M and let cm(r) denote the volume of the standard m-dimensional sphere of radius r. Then

\mathrm{vol} (M) \geq \frac{c_{m} (\mathrm{inj}(M))}{\pi},

with equality if and only if (Mg) is isometric to the m-sphere Sm with its usual round metric.

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