Berane
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Беране |
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Berane (Serbian Cyrillic: Беране) is a town in north-eastern Montenegro. It has a population of 11,776 (2003 census).
Berane is the centre of the municipality of the same name (population of 35,068) and one of the centres of Polimlje area, named after Lim River, on which Berane is situated. It is a part of historical region Sanjak of Novi Pazar.
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[edit] History
During the medieval period the Montenegrin land of Berane was known as Budimlja. It was of great holistic, political, and economic importance in the Serbian state of Raška. Saint Sava, the first Serbian archbishop, founded here one of the first Serbian episcopates in 1219. The Monastery Đurđevi Stupovi was built by the end of 12th century by Prvoslav, the son of Nemanja's brother Tihomir. Many monasteries and churches tell the story on the rich holistic life of Serbs in this area. There were seven bishops and nine metropolitans. Literary and painting schools existed in this Monastery. Apart from Đurđevi Stupovi, the second most important monastery in this area was Sudikovo, which was destroyed and burned by the Turks in 1738.
Archbishop's throne was empty for more than 350 years. Budimljanska (now Budimljansko-Nikšić) episcopate has been restored in 2002, when bishop Joanikije was reinstalled.
The area of Berane municipality and its wider neighborhood, was part of the Medieval Serbian state until 1455, when Turks took the city of Bihor and Budimlja. This valley was populated with Serbians until mid of 17th century, when it went under terrible suffering and many of them left. The Turks distributed the land to the islamized population.
During the First Serbian Uprising (1804) and Karađorđe's (Leader of the uprising in Serbia) marched to Novi Pazar, Sanjak, and the people of this area rebelled and met the Serbian dukes Anto Bogićević and Haxi-Prodan Gligorijevic. Then, Mojsije Zecević, prior of Đurđevi Stupovi Monastery, had the leading role among Orthodox people of Budimlja. He was one of the closest allies of Petar I (Cetinjski) and Petar II Petrović-Njegoš, archbishops and political leaders of Montenegro.
Since the First Serbian Uprising until its final liberation, fights against Turks were constant, especially during the second part of the 19th century. Famous battles occurred from 1825, until 1862, but the most important one was Rudes battle on 7th April 1862, in which the Serbian and Montenegrin rebels won. Berane was finally liberated from Turks in 1912.
During the second World War, there was a terrible civil war, between Partisans (communists) and Chetniks (nationalists). During the communists' reprisals in 1944 and 1945 around 4,000 people were killed.
From July 1949 to March 1992, Berane was known as Ivangrad as a tribute to Ivan Milutinović. In 1992, its original name was restored.
[edit] Population
Berane is administrative centre of Berane municipality, which in 2003 had a population of 35,068. The town of Berane itself has 11,776 citizens.
Population of Berane (city):
Population of Berane (municipality):
Ethnic groups (1991 census):
- Montenegrins (59.03%)
- Muslims by nationality (30.21%)
- Serbs (7.30%)
Ethnicity in 2003
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Serbs | 16,939 | 41.43% |
| Montenegrins | 9,282 | 22.70% |
| Bosniaks | 8,994 | 22.00% |
| Muslims | 2,994 | 7.32% |
| Roma | 133 | 0.33% |
| Croats | 50 | 0.12% |
| Albanians | 41 | 0.10% |
| Other | 222 | 0.54% |
| not declared | 223 | 0.55% |
| no data | 837 | 2.05% |
| Total | 40,885 | 100% |
[edit] Transport
Berane is connected with rest of Montenegro by two-laned motorways. Bijelo Polje is 35km away, where there lies the major junction (railway and the road) towards Podgorica and the coast, and to Serbia. Serbia can also be reached eastwards via Rožaje (for Novi Pazar.) Berane is on the corridor of the future Beograd - Bar motorway.
Berane has an airport (Berane Airport), which hasn't been used for a while, but there are plans for its revitalization and usage as regional airport.
Podgorica Airport is some 150 km away, and has regular flights to and from major European destinations.
[edit] Sister cities
[edit] External links
- Berane municipality
- Beranske novosti (Berane News)
- Visit-Montenegro.com
- High School
- Berane - English language site
- Secondary school "Vukadin Vukadinovic"
- Secondary medical school "Dr Branko Zogovic"
- Berane Town Forum
[edit] References
http://www.njegos.org/census/index.htm
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