Belhare language

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Belhare
Spoken in:	Dhankuta district, Nepal
Total speakers:	2,000
Language family:	Sino-Tibetan Tibeto-Burman Kiranti Belhare
Language codes
ISO 639-1:	none
ISO 639-2:	`–`
ISO 639-3:	`byw`
Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.

Belhare (Nepali: Belhāreor) is a Kiranti language spoken by some 2,000 people living on the Belhara hill, at the southern foothills of the Himalayas situated in the Dhankuta district in Eastern Nepal.
All speakers of Belhare are bilingual in Nepali, this results in frequent code mixing and a large amount of Nepali loan-words. Nevertheless, the grammar of Belhare has maintained its distinct Kiranti characteristics.
Like other Kiranti languages, Belhare is characterized by an elaborate morphology in both the nominal and verbal domain. Syntactically, Belhare has partly an accusative, partly an ergative pivot, but accusative syntax is more prominent in terms of frequency.

1 Phonology
- 1.1 Consonants
- 1.2 Vowels
2 External links
3 References

[edit] Phonology

[edit] Consonants

	Bilabial	Apical	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Plosives	p pʰ b (bʰ) p ph b (bh)	t tʰ d (dʰ) t th d (dh)		k kʰ ɡ (ɡʰ) k kh g (gh)	ʔ ʔ
Fricatives		s s			h h
Affricates			ʦ ʦʰ (ʣ) (ʣʰ) c ch (j) (jh)
Nasals	m m	n n		ŋ ŋ
Laterals		l l
Trills		r (rʰ) r (rh)
Approximants	w w		j y

[edit] Vowels

	front	central	back
close	i ĩ i ĩ		u ũ u ũ
mid	e e	(ʌ) (ʌ)	o o
open		a a

The phonemes in parentheses only occur in loanwords from Nepali.

[edit] External links

[edit] References

Bickel, Balthasar. 1993. “Belhare subordination and the theory of topic.” In: Karen H. Ebert (ed.): Studies in clause linkage. Papers from the First Köln-Zürich Workshop. Zürich: ASAS
Bickel, Balthasar. 1996. Aspect, Mood, and Time in Belhare. Studies in the Semantics-Pragmatics Interface of a Himalayan Language. Zürich: Universität Zürich (ASAS - Arbeiten des Seminars für Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft, 15)
Bickel, Balthasar. 1999. “Cultural formalism and spatial language in Belhara.” In: Balthasar Bickel & Martin Gaenszle (eds.): Himalayan Space: cultural horizons and practices. Zürich: Museum of Ethnography. 73-101
Bickel, Balthasar. 2000. “Grammar and social practice: on the role of ‘culture’ in linguistic relativity.” In: Susanne Niemeier & René Dirven (eds.): Evidence for Linguistic Relativity. Amsterdam: Benjamins. 161-92
Bickel, Balthasar. 2003. “Belhare.” Graham Thurgood & Randy J. LaPolla (eds.). The Sino-Tibetan Languages. London: Curzon Press. 546-70