Beiyang
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The term Beiyang (Chinese: 北洋; pinyin: Běiyáng; Wade-Giles: Peiyang; meaning 'Northern Ocean') originated toward the end of the Qing Dynasty, and it referred to the coastal areas of Zhili (Traditional Chinese:直隸, Simplified Chinese: 直隶, pinyin: Zhílì) (today's Hebei), Henan, and Shandong in northeast China.
Minister of Beiyang's (北洋通商大臣) position was to be hold by the Viceroy of Zhili. Its main responsibilities were trade relations and occasionally foreign affairs.