Bear-resistant food storage container
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Bear-resistant food storage containers, commonly called bear canisters or simply bear cans, are usually hard-sided containers used by backpackers to protect their food from theft by bears. Bear canisters are seeing increased popularity in areas where bears have become habituated to human presence, and are required in some regions such as Yosemite National Park in the United States.
A bear canister typically weighs between 2-4 lb (1-2 kg), and has a storage capacity of 400 - 900 in³ (6 - 15 liters). The actual capacity in terms of the number of days of hiking food stored will vary with the appetite of the hiker, the selection of food, and the skill in which it is packed, but a 700 in³ canister will likely hold up to week's worth of food for the average hiker.
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[edit] Construction
Hard-sided bear cans employ such materials as polycarbonate, ABS plastic, carbon fiber, and aluminum in their construction. An effective canister must resist both the tremendous strength and high intelligence of an attacking animal. Most containers are too large for a bear to simply pick up and carry away.
The lid of a canister is usually recessed in order to prevent it getting pried off, and tool use, or least an advanced degree of motor skills, is required to remove it.
At least one model of soft-sided "bear bag" is made from Spectra fabric. While a soft-sided container may prevent a bear from eating its contents, the food inside is likely to be reduced to puree in the attempt. A newer model, the Ursack Hybrid, comes with an aluminum stiffener that protects the contents more effectively than the bag alone.
[edit] Regulations
A small number of national parks and national forests require backcountry visitors to carry approved food storage containers. Backpackers who ignore this policy may face fines, property impoundment, or eviction from the wilderness. Rangers may stop hikers and require them to produce their containers for inspection.
[edit] Approval
The Sierra Interagency Black Bear Group (SIBBG) and the Interagency Grizzly Bear Committee regulate the approval of food storage containers in the parts of the western United States. Containers effective against the American black bears in the Sierra Nevada may not be effective against the grizzly bears found elsewhere.
The SIBBG first conducts visual inspection and various structural tests, then containers are filled with food and left in the cages of captive black bears in a zoo in California. If the canister survives the zoo test, it is then conditionally approved. Full approval is only given after three months of successful field tests by users.
[edit] Bear bagging
A common alternative method is bear bagging, wherein items attractive to a bear such as food or other perishables are placed in a bag and then raised into the air using a rope — out of reach of a bear. The rationale is that bears, being unable to reach the food, will be less drawn to campsites and pose less of a threat to campers and their equipment.
Lightweight nylon stuff sacks are often used for bear bags, but they can be made simply of a large enough square or rectangular piece of cloth or tarp with the food items placed in the center of the tarp and the corners brought up and tied around with rope. The rope is then used to tie the bag in the air where it cannot be reached from the ground or from a tree by a bear. Often this is done by tying another length of rope tightly between two trees or other tall objects. In problem areas, a bear bag should be at least 12 feet (3.5 m) high and 10 feet (3 m) from any vertical support. The counterbalance method, Marrison system, and the Pacific Crest Trail method are a few different techniques to use when hanging a bear bag.
In areas where trash cannot be burned (much of the United States and especially during dry seasons) and no fortified trash containers are available, trash may also be raised in a separate bear bag to keep the food smells from attracting bears.
