Beachley
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Beachley is a village in Gloucestershire, England, near the border with Wales. It is located on a peninsula at the junction between the Rivers Wye and Severn, where the Severn Bridge ends and the smaller secondary bridge for the River Wye begins, at grid reference ST552910. The tidal drop here is one of the highest in the UK. Before the construction of the bridge it was a ferry port from where the Beachley Ferry to Aust operated until 1966.
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[edit] History
Before the 9th century, the Beachley peninsula and the mouth of the Wye were part of the Welsh kingdom of Gwent. A small chapel was founded at what was then the southernmost point of the peninsula - now no more than a rock in the estuary - traditionally in the 4th century by Tecla, a princess of Gwynedd who retired there as a hermit before being murdered by raiders from the sea. A chapel dedicated to St. Twrog, perhaps containing a navigation light, was later built on the rock but was ruined before the 18th century.[1]
Offa's Dyke, built by the Mercians in the 8th century, cuts off the peninsula to the north. In 956, Beachley was part of lands granted by King Edwy to Bath Abbey. According to historians interpreting the writings of Walter Map, it is likely that Beachley was the site of an unprecedented meeting around 1056 between the unchallenged ruler of Wales, Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, and the king of England, Edward the Confessor, to establish each one's areas of control.[2]
The crossing of the Severn estuary between Beachley and Aust was probably in use from antiquity and was long the chief route between England and south Wales. It was recorded in the 12th century when the de Clares, lords of Tidenham, granted quittance of the passage to the monks of Tintern, and was evidently much used in 1405 when great numbers of the English and Welsh were said to resort to the nearby chapel of St. Twrog. The manor of Tidenham retained rights over the passage, and received rents from the parishes of Aust and Beachley, until the 19th century.[3]
Beachley was the site of fighting in the Civil War. It was garrisoned by Royalists under Sir John Wintour, but was overrun in October 1644 by Parliamentary forces under Col. Edward Massey.
St John's Church was built in 1833 by Bristol architects Foster and Okely. Its cost was borne largely by James Jenkins, the owner of Beachley Manor.[4]
[edit] Army Apprentices College
In 1915, during World War I, the government requisitioned a large area of land at Beachley with the intention of making a camp for manufacturing armaments. However, the war ended before production had begun. Instead, in 1924 it was decided to establish a British Army Army Apprentices School (which in 1966 was renamed as an Army Apprentices College) at Beachley to ensure a core of technical qualified soldiers with excellent technical education combined with first class military training as potential NCOs and officers mainly for the specialist corps Royal Engineers and REME. The college was situated on the edge of the River Wye. The army has now converted this to an infantry barracks. After the recent reorganisation of the Army, "Future Army Structures" and "Future Infantry Structures" this is now the permanent home of the First Battalion The Rifles.
[edit] Amenities
The old ferry slipway is now used by the Severn Area Rescue Association, whose lifeboat station is next to the slipway. SARA has been running for over 30 years and it is believed to be the second largest UK lifeboat association (the first being the RNLI). SARA is staffed entirely by volunteers.
A major electricity pylon runs over the river at Beachley to Aust. A tunnel also runs under the River Severn between Beachley and Aust carrying electric cables.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Mysteries of Wales
- ^ Miranda Aldhouse-Green and Ray Howell (eds.), Gwent In Prehistory and Early History: The Gwent County History Vol.1, 2004, ISBN 0-7083-1826-6
- ^ Ancient ferries
- ^ Churches of Britain
- Captain John Barnes RAEC and Major David Thomas RAEC (edd), The Story of the Army Apprentices College, Chepstow 1923-1983
- David Vesey, Gloucestershire: The Vale and Forest of Dean, The Buildings of England, edited by Nikolaus Pevsner, 2nd ed (1976) ISBN 0-14-071041-8
[edit] External links
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