Baudouin I of Belgium

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Baudouin
King of the Belgians
King Baudouin and Queen Fabiola
Reign	17 July 1951 – 31 July 1993 (42 years)
Born	7 September 1930(1930-09-07)
Birthplace	Laeken, Belgium
Died	31 July 1993 (aged 62)
Place of death	Motril, Spain
Predecessor	Leopold III
Successor	Albert II
Consort	Doña Fabiola Fernanda María de las Victorias Antonia Adelaida de Mora y Aragón
Royal House	Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
Father	Leopold III
Mother	Astrid of Sweden

Baudouin I (French: Baudouin Albert Charles Léopold Axel Marie Gustave or Dutch: Boudewijn Albert Karel Leopold Axel Marie Gustaaf) (7 September 1930 – 31 July 1993) reigned as King of the Belgians from 1951 to 1993. He was the eldest son of King Leopold III (1901-1983) and his first wife, Princess Astrid of Sweden (1905-1935). Baudouin is the French form of his name, which is mostly used outside of Belgium; his Dutch name is Boudewijn. Very rarely his name is anglicized as Baldwin.

Contents 1 Ascent to the throne 2 Love and Marriage 3 Notable events 4 Religious influences 5 Death, Succession and Legacy 6 Ancestry 7 See also 8 References

[edit] Ascent to the throne

Baudouin was born in Stuyvenberg Castle, Laeken in Belgium. On 1 August 1950 his father King Leopold III requested the Belgian Government and the Parliament to approve a law delegating his royal powers to his son, Prince Baudouin, who took the constitutional oath before the United Chambers of the Belgian Parliament as Prince Royal on 11 August 1950. He ascended the throne and became the fifth King of the Belgians upon taking the constitutional oath on 17 July 1951, one day following his father's abdication.

Part of Leopold III's unpopularity was the result of a second marriage in 1941 to Mary Lilian Baels, an English-born Belgian commoner, later known as Princess de Réthy. More controversial had been Leopold's decision to surrender to Nazi Germany during World War II, when Belgium was invaded in 1940; many Belgians questioned his loyalties, but a commission of inquiry exonerated him of treason after World War II. Though reinstated in a plebiscite, the controversy surrounding Leopold led to his abdication.

[edit] Love and Marriage

On December 15, 1960, Baudouin was married in Brussels to Doña Fabiola Fernanda María de las Victorias Antonia Adelaida de Mora y Aragón, a former nurse and a writer of children's stories. Queen Fabiola is immensely popular for her good cheer, personal modesty, and devotion to social causes. The Belgian royal couple had no children, which was a source of much sadness in the marriage, and would provide a partial reason why the King was so uncomfortable with the topic of abortion. When in 1990, the Belgian government passed a law drastically liberalising abortion, King Baudoin could not bring himself to sign.

There was some concern among politicians close to the King that he might actually be in love with his stepmother, Princess Lilian, suspicions fueled by secret recordings of telephone conversations between the two. The post-wedding actions of the Baudoin's father and stepmother only increased speculation; they briskly moved out of the royal palace at Laeken and reportedly broke off relations with Baudouin for some time.

[edit] Notable events

Belgian Royalty
House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha

Leopold I Children    Crown Prince Louis-Philippe    Leopold II    Philippe, Count of Flanders    Charlotte, Empress of Mexico Grandchildren    Prince Baudouin    Princess Josephine Marie    Princess Henriette, Duchess of Vendome and Alencon    Josephine Caroline, Princess of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen    Albert I Leopold II Children    Louise-Marie, Princess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha    Leopold, Duke of Brabant    Stéphanie, Crown Princess of Austria    Clémentine, Princess Napoléon Albert I Children    Leopold III    Prince Charles    Marie-José, Queen of Italy Leopold III Children    Joséphine-Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg    Baudouin I    Albert II    Prince Alexander    Princess Marie-Christine    Princess Maria-Esmeralda Baudouin I Albert II Children    Philippe, Duke of Brabant    Astrid, Archduchess of Austria-Este    Prince Laurent Grandchildren    Princess Elisabeth    Prince Gabriel    Prince Emmanuel    Princess Eléonore    Princess Louise    Prince Nicolas    Prince Aymeric

During Baudouin's reign the colony of Belgian Congo was given its independence, and the King personally attended the festivities; he gave a speech that was widely seen as insensitive to the atrocities in the Congo, and the speech received a blistering response by Congolese Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba.

In 1976, on the 25th anniversary of Baudouin's accession, the King Baudouin Foundation was formed, with the aim of improving the living conditions of the Belgian people.

Baudouin also made some visits to the Spanish leader Francisco Franco, a family friend of his wife, Fabiola.

[edit] Religious influences

Baudouin was a deeply religious Roman Catholic. Some thought after his accession to the throne that he wanted to abdicate, in order to become a priest. Royal advisers suggested at the time that the Belgian monarchy would probably not survive two abdications in a row. Through the influence of Leo Cardinal Suenens, Baudouin participated in the growing Catholic Charismatic Renewal and regularly went on pilgrimages to the French shrine of Paray-le-Monial.

In 1990, when a law, submitted by Roger Lallemand and Lucienne Herman-Michielsens, liberalising Belgium's abortion laws was approved by Parliament, he refused to give Royal Assent, an unprecedented act in Belgium, although without much significance since (as in most modern constitutional and popular monarchies) Royal Assent has long been a formality. Because of his religious convictions, Baudouin asked the Government to declare him temporarily unable to reign so that he could avoid signing the measure into law ([1]). The Government under Wilfried Martens complied with his request on April 4, 1990. According to the provisions of the Belgian Constitution, in the event the King is temporarily unable to reign, the Government as a whole fulfills the role of Head of State. All members of the Government signed the bill, and the next day (April 5, 1990) the Government declared that Baudouin was capable of reigning again. (It is a point of contention whether Baudouin abdicated for two days so as not to have to approve the law, while still allowing abortions to be legalised in Belgium, or whether he was merely suspended for the day.)

[edit] Death, Succession and Legacy

He reigned for 42 years until dying of heart failure on July 31, 1993 in the Villa Astrida in Motril, in the south of Spain. His death was unexpected, and sent much of Belgium into a period of deep mourning. It was a mark of great affection and respect for King Baudoin that Queen Elizabeth II attended the funeral in person; by tradition the British monarch attends only those funerals which are of close family members or such politicians as prime ministers who die while in office.

King Baudoin was interred in the royal vault at the Church of Our Lady, Laeken Cemetery, Brussels, Belgium.

Baudouin was succeeded by his younger brother, who became King Albert II.

After Leopold's abdication in 1951, Baudoin had brought stability, but not harmony, to a country gripped by a struggle between Dutch-speaking Flanders and French-speaking Wallonia. At the time of his death Belgium had begun a far-reaching federalisation that made the maintenance of Belgian unity questionable. The wave of mourning over Baudoin's passing brought Flemings and Walloons together in support of the monarchy, and there was no support for a deputy who shouted in favour of a European republic before Albert took his oath. It was thought by some that the rush to full separation into independent states, anticipated for early in the next century, would be halted by the new king's influence and the resurgent commitment to the dynasty.[2]

[edit] Ancestry

Leopold I of Belgium

Prince Philippe, Count of Flanders

Princess Louise-Marie of France

Albert I of Belgium

Karl Anton, Prince of Hohenzollern

Princess Marie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen

Princess Josephine of Baden

Leopold III of Belgium

Maximilian Joseph, Duke in Bavaria

Karl-Theodor, Duke in Bavaria

Princess Ludovika of Bavaria

Duchess Elisabeth in Bavaria

Miguel of Portugal

Infanta Maria Josepha of Portugal

Princess Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg

Baudouin I of Belgium

Oscar I of Sweden

Oscar II of Sweden

Duchess Josephine of Leuchtenberg

Prince Carl, Duke of Västergötland

Wilhelm, Duke of Nassau

Princess Sofia of Nassau

Princess Pauline of Württemberg

Princess Astrid of Sweden

Christian IX of Denmark

Frederick VIII of Denmark

Louise of Hesse-Kassel

Princess Ingeborg of Denmark

Charles XV of Sweden

Princess Lovisa of Sweden

Princess Louise of the Netherlands

[edit] See also

• Kings of Belgium family tree

Styles of King Baudouin I of the Belgians Reference style His Majesty Spoken style Your Majesty Alternative style Sire

• Crown Council of Belgium
• Royal Trust
• Herman Liebaers (Marshal of the Royal Household)
• André Molitor (private secretary)
• Jacques van Ypersele de Strihou (private secretary)

[edit] References

• A. Molitor, La fonction royale en Belgique, Brussels, 1979
• J.Stengers, De koningen der Belgen. Van Leopold I tot Albert II, Leuven, 1997.
• Kardinaal Suenens, Koning Boudewijn. Het getuigenis van een leven, Leuven, 1995.
• Kerstrede 18.12.1975, (ed.V.Neels), Wij Boudewijn, Koning der Belgen. Het politiek, sociaal en moreel testament van een nobel vorst, deel II, Gent, 1996.
• H. le Paige (dir.), Questions royales, Réflexions à propos de la mort d'un roi et sur la médiatisation de l'évènement, Brussels, 1994.

Baudouin I of Belgium House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha Cadet branch of the House of Wettin Born: 7 September 1930 Died: 31 July 1993
Regnal titles
Preceded by Leopold III of Belgium	King of the Belgians 1951-1993	Succeeded by Albert II
Royal titles
Preceded by Leopold III of Belgium	Duke of Brabant 1934-1951	Succeeded by Philippe