Talk:Battle of Albuera

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[edit] Rewrite

Folks,

Just a notice that I'm in the middle of rewriting (offline) this entire article. Normally, I'd just go ahead and do away with the existing text, but it seems that the article is still slightly active, so I decided to alert interested parties here.

To date, I have rewritten the Background section (taking the narrative from the Lines of Torres Vedras through to Soult's expedition into Extremadura, the taking of Badajoz, and Soult's return to Andalusia), and created a new section "Prelude to battle", which follows the French activities around Badajoz following Soult's departure, Beresfords army moving against the French, and various Spanish & Portuguese actions. These two sections are completely referenced, with inline citations, using Gates, Glover, Weller, Fortescue and Oman. As the rewrite progresses, I hope to also bring in Esdaile and possibly others.

Now, since the article is still a bit active, I thought I may just introduce each new bit, a piece at a time, to see what the reaction is. Unfortunately, the citation style I use may look a little odd with the (few) references already here, and the detail in my new bits will definitely look out of place compared with the Battle section. Therefore, I'm suggesting one of 4 courses:

  1. put my changes in a bit at a time, and live with the slight oddities for a few days (the whole article should be done by the end of this week);
  2. wait until I've finished, and then overwrite the whole article... seems a bit arrogant, to me;
  3. wait 'til the rewrite is done, then post it in entirety as a subpage either in my userspace, or under this article's space, then wait to see what people think;
  4. do nothing, and leave this under-referenced article as it is!

If people are worried about what I may do to their hard work, you could look at the Battle of Barrosa article, which was my last major work - taken from stub to A class, and FA candidate, in the space of a month. This one is a little harder, because there is some good work I want to try and keep, especially in the Battle section, but hopefully it'll work out fine. Thoughts?

If there aren't any responses either way in the next few days, I'll just be bold and go ahead in any case. Thanks for your time. Carre 18:14, 9 October 2007 (UTC)

Apologies for the use of the {{expand}} template, but I noticed an edit to the article after I'd put the previous note up, and was concerned no-one was aware of the impending change. The rewrite is done now, so just waiting a few more days before replacing existing content. Carre 14:08, 14 October 2007 (UTC)
All done, anyway. Carre 07:55, 16 October 2007 (UTC)

[edit] Copy-edit discussion

Copy-edit discussion archived to Talk:Battle of Albuera/copyedit, since it got pretty big :) Carre 13:01, 16 November 2007 (UTC)

[edit] Order of battle

I was thinking of that table...I like it enough now to not want to get rid of it, but it looks clunky where it is. I was thinking of moving it to a daughter article, with a see also at the very start of Battle, then putting some words around the table in the new article. That way, in the prose, I could perhaps explain Godinot's and Werlé's large brigades, and provide more detail on the other units. Any thoughts or opinions? Carre 10:58, 10 November 2007 (UTC)

A very good idea, like on the Battle of Austerlitz article and its order of battle. Carl Logan 11:28, 10 November 2007 (UTC)
Agreed; either that, or put it at the end of the article (although I think splitting it off would be better). Small tables can be made to float in an infobox and don't disrupt the flow so much, but that would be nigh-on impossible with this one. As Carl Logan says, most other such articles (see Battle of Waterloo as well) follow this format. EyeSereneTALK 10:01, 11 November 2007 (UTC)
OK, will do this during the coming week. I have full details, all the way down to the regimental level. It seems like the two examples go to this level, so I guess I'll do the same this time too. A bit of text about how some of the divisions/brigades came about (eg provisional Portuguese, Godinot, Werlé) will wrap it fairly well too. Carre 14:40, 11 November 2007 (UTC)

[edit] GA Review

Hi there, another truly excellent article on a Napoleonic War battle and one I was happy to pass for GA. I have a few notes below on issues to be addressed before taking the article further (as I suggest you do) but just to say well done to Carre and EyeSerene (and anybody else involved) for an informative, interesting and intelligent article.

[edit] Notes

  • I changed a couple of things that looked like typos, if I was wrong I am sorry. The article as a whole has a few errant commas, a copyedit might be worthwhile to chase that punctuation into the right places before FAC.
  • I really like the seperate Order of Battle article.
  • The presence of the Duchy of Warsaw in the infobox won't make sense to any one unfamiliar with European politics at the time and isn't explained in the article (nor should it be). I suggest that a footnote be added to the flag giving a very brief comment on the presence of Polish troops in the French army.
  • Finally, and as I mentioned to Carre recently about another article, I am a fan of clicking on the biography links of people in articles as I go through. I find this provides some deeper context and is a unique feature of Wikipedia. Links could or should be prepared (where possible) to the following people: Mendizabal (again! Sorry.), Menacho, Imaz, Latour-Mauberg, Maransin, Robert Long, Hamilton, Lumley, Godinot, Loy, Werlé, Briche, Zayas, Lardizabal, Hoghton, Inglis, Kemmis, Phillipon, Belmas and Lapéne, as well as any body named in the Order of Battle without one. I realise this is a lot of people (and if they had links and I missed them I am sorry) and it is not an immediate priority, but it is nevertheless something worth thinking about/looking into. In a few days my shedule will become lighter and I can have a look myself at these myself (I like creating biographical articles and have access to the ODNB where most of the English people on this list appear).

Those were all the comments I had, and apart from the first none are very vital issues before this article can be taken further. Kudos to those involved and keep up the good work.--Jackyd101 (talk) 21:31, 25 November 2007 (UTC)

Thanks Jackyd101. I undid one of your changes (it was Wellington who did the promising). The Warsaw thing should probably go from the infobox, actually – it's a legacy from the original version of the article, that was written firmly from the perspective of the Polish Uhlans, and I just left it there. Haythornthwaite's Peninsular War almanac does contain some information on some of those names listed, so I may be able to come up with a few stubs relatively easily. Others I may be able to translate from the French wikipedia, if they have them (and the French is simple enough for my school-boy capabilities). Carre (talk) 07:53, 26 November 2007 (UTC)
I assume you mean that Wellington promised them to Beresford, if so why didn't they turn up? With the biographies, its not an urgent thing but as I say would improve navigation through the article. Good work.--Jackyd101 (talk) 08:08, 26 November 2007 (UTC)
You had to ask, didn't you! :D I'd have to check in Oman to be sure, but off the top of my head I think it's because, after the Spanish defeat at the Gebora, the French had taken them all, or at least prevented their being floated down to where Beresford needed them - do you think it needs going in? Carre (talk) 08:12, 26 November 2007 (UTC)
Sorry! No, I don't think it is essential and don't bust a gut looking for it, but the reason I made the mistake in the first place was that I wasn't fully clear who had promised them and why they never showed up (and during the Peninsula War, if something was promised and didn't show up then the Spanish were usually behind it (c.f. Talavera) and I had assumed that the Spanish had promised the boats to Wellington). Its not the end of the world if it isn't explained further, it's hardly essential and your efforts would probably be better spent elsewhere. Great article.--Jackyd101 (talk) 08:31, 26 November 2007 (UTC)

[←]The current sentence structure would support something there in a footnote; it's not a problem digging it up, since the Oman volume is on my bookshelf not 5 feet from where I'm sitting, and if it can confuse someone who actually knows something about the Peninsular war, it's best to clarify for those who don't. As said, I'll put it in a footnote though (with reference), so as not to spoil the prose. Will do tomorrow (can't be arsed tonight :D) Carre (talk) 18:01, 26 November 2007 (UTC)

Great, that would certainly help the sentance there. I also noticed briefly today that the result in the infobox is "indecisive" yet below one of the headings mentions Soult's defeat. Whilst it is difficult to call this battle an outright victory for anyone, perhaps that section could be a touch more descriptive? Also (and forgive me if I am wrong) but was this that battle following which legend has it Beresford reported that he had suffered a defeat to Wellington, and Wellington responded something along the lines: "Well we must write you up a victory"? i'm sure I read something like that in Longford a few years back but I couldn't find it when I last looked. Does that ring a bell? And if it does was it about this battle?--Jackyd101 (talk) 18:08, 26 November 2007 (UTC)
That's a good catch on the section heading; perhaps it should be Soult's retreat?
The quote is more or less right (not 100% sure on the wording, but that's the gist), and yes, it's about this battle. Longford probably took it from Oman or Fortescue (she did that a lot), but whether it shows up in Wellington's Dispatches is a different matter - I certainly have sources to support the quote, anyway. The battle was actually the foundation of much argument, controversy and wrangling. After Beresford returned to the UK, and after the publication of Volume III of Napier's history, there followed a 40 year war of words between Napier and his supporters, and Beresford and his—Napier was extremely critical of Beresford, but it's pretty well known that the two weren't exactly best of friends ;). Fortescue favours Napier's version of events (even though Napier wasn't there), while Oman favours Beresford (and has a couple of pages devoted solely to rebutting Napier). These days, the better single volume accounts (Gates, Esdaile and the like) tend to side with Beresford, although they remains slightly critical. I was considering going into this in Consequences, but decided it was better off in the Napier/Beresford articles, and since I'm not fond of biographies, I haven't done anything about it. Carre (talk) 18:39, 26 November 2007 (UTC)
Thanks for the info on that quote, I'd been wondering about that. All that messy historiography is too much for the article, so don't worry about leaving it out, it would detract from the piece too much (unless there was a way to squeeze it into a footnote, but I'll let you be the judge of whether that is possible). Speaking of nineteenth century bickering, I'm working on an article on Brigadier-General Robert Long in my spare time and he must surely be in the running for most contentious man ever, he seems to have had feuds with eveyone from the Royal family to Wellington himself (who eventually sacked him). Mind you, it might just have been the age, William James was once horsewhipped through London for offending someone in his book.--Jackyd101 (talk) 00:18, 27 November 2007 (UTC)

(unindent)Thanks for the review Jacky. I've been through and tried to address the commas/names issues - I have possibly over-linked the article as a result, but I'll make a further pass to try to find possible articles for the redlinks (and maybe start stubs where not, if I get the time). I'll also try to tie this up with the related Order of Battle article. If I've missed anything, feel free to complain in my direction ;) EyeSereneTALK 09:09, 27 November 2007 (UTC)

Thanks Eye - it's reminded me, at least, that I still haven't found out Lardizabal's first name!
Jacky - Long doesn't surprise me: he was one of the main protagonists on Napier's side in the Beresford-Napier wrangle. The lot of them just kept publishing rebuttals against each other. I'd imagine some printers and lawyers got rich out of it though :) Carre (talk) 10:50, 27 November 2007 (UTC)
Good work both of you, the article has improved still further and I would personally be happy to vote for it at FAC some point in the future. As for the stubs Eye suggested above, that would be fine but if neither of you would mind, I'd quite like to work on a few of the English (and Anglo-Portuguese) figures over the next week myself, I already did Daniel Hoghton and Robert Ballard Long. Also, there was one redlinked figure I wasn't sure deserved a page of his own on the evidence here (a Portuguese Major I think), so he might be worth delinking. Otherwise, good job.
Just as a brief update, there are now also articles on John Hamilton, Loftus William Otway, William Lumley and William Inglis. I seem to have exhausted the OBND on the people mentioned on this page, but if I run into any others I'll add those too.--Jackyd101 12:14, 2 December 2007 (UTC)
Thanks Jacky - looking good. EyeSereneTALK 10:06, 3 December 2007 (UTC)

[←]I'll echo Eye's thanks - the new bio articles look very good. Unfortunately, RL has conspired to keep me away from WP for the last week or so, so haven't been able to comment until now. The Major Jacky was considering delinking is the one who commanded the garrison at Campo Maior - although he did a sterling job defending the town, I doubt there's much more to say about him so I'll delink for now. A browse through a few of my sources may show if he did anything else worthy of an article. Carre (talk) 19:16, 9 December 2007 (UTC)

Philippon done Carre (talk) 16:25, 12 December 2007 (UTC)
And strike out a few more that Jacky did Carre (talk) 16:29, 12 December 2007 (UTC)

Another 4 stubs done, but if anyone's French is good enough, Godinot, Werlé and Maransin have more details in the French wikipedia and its source. Carre (talk) 14:27, 13 December 2007 (UTC)

[edit] Replacement of Brigadier Long

According to Long's letters (which are contemporary), Long himself alerted Beresford to an anomaly of rank. Long was a brigadier-general, which was something of a courtesy title (like commodore in the navy) not a rank, in terms of substantive rank he was a colonel. As the allied Spanish cavalry were commanded by a major-general, Long considered that the Spanish might object to being placed under the command of a mere colonel. As a result of this Beresford decided that Lumley, a British major-general, should take over over-all command of the cavalry, to which Long acceded. However, Beresford decided to implement the replacement of Long on the very day of the Battle of Albuera, during combat, which Long took as a mortal insult.

The earlier clash at Campo Mayor had soured relations between Beresford and Long and a great deal of resentment had built up between the two men, partly based on Long's scathing comments on the Portuguese cavalry he commanded (Beresford was commander in chief of the Portuguese Army). As D'Urban was closely attached to Beresford it is of no surprise that he chose to put a slant on the supersession of Long that suggested that Long was removed for incompetency.

See: McGuffie, T.H (Ed). Peninsular Cavalry General (1811-1813): The Correspondence of Lieutenant-General Robert Ballard Long, London (1951).

Fletcher, I. Galloping at Everything: The British Cavalry in the Peninsula and at Waterloo 1808-15, Spellmount, Staplehurst (1999).

Urselius (talk) 15:50, 4 February 2008 (UTC)

Aha - that was changed, and changed back again a few days ago (I did the change back). See the talk page of the editor who made the change. After the change, I went through all my sources, and found that Napier, Oman, Glover and Weller all support the version currently in the article (I added additional sources to the ref), and only Fortescue mentioning the agreed upon plan. Fortescue relies on d'Urban's letters during the Long/Napier/Beresford wrangle for his view, while the others rely on other d'Urban letters to support their view.
I did look for d'Urban's letters online, and came across reference to McGuffie's publication of Long's letters, but am certainly not prepared to pay the asking price for a copy! (library calls, I guess). Now, I personally don't rate d'Urban as a source (Napier used him for a lot of his data for his history, and a lot of Napier's errors in his account are down to d'Urban's errors), but I'm also not convinced that Long is that reliable a source to discuss his own replacement as cavalry commander. Ian Fletcher, on the other hand, I would accept as a source, although I don't have any of his works myself.
Suggestions as to how to proceed? I have listed 4 separate sources, 3 in favour of the current account, and Fortescue dissenting in the footnote. I can add Weller to the "in favour" count. It's clear that historians disagree, and I'd very much like this article to be as accurate as possible, while keeping the prose nice and neat. More in the footnote about the disagreement? Or move it to prose? Carre (talk) 18:18, 4 February 2008 (UTC)
For what it's worth, I think the footnote is probably still the place for this at present. From WP:SOURCES, the article should fairly represent "all majority and significant-minority viewpoints that have been published by reliable sources, in rough proportion to the prominence of each view." (my italics)
I agree that Fletcher has to be taken seriously though (can you provide a full reference, Urselius?). If the current format is unacceptable, to avoid breaking up the article flow perhaps it would be possible to rewrite the section mentioning Long's dismissal in a more non-committal way, and devote a footnote to both sides of the dispute? EyeSereneTALK 20:11, 4 February 2008 (UTC)
Depending on what Urselius comes up with, I was thinking much the same: just go for the "unreasonable haste" (Beresford's opinion, as already mentioned, and not contested I think), and end that sentence there. Then mention the replacement, and say that Long claimed it was a planned replacement, per Fortescue, Fletcher and some d'Urban letters, while Napier, Oman, Glover, Weller and other d'Urban letters claim the replacement was for incompetence (I don't think I ever saw Beresford's own view on this). Whether that goes in a footnote or in prose then has to be decided - I think it can be made to fit in either. Carre (talk) 20:30, 4 February 2008 (UTC)
[edit] I'd also be interested in seeing if Fletcher cites his sources - Long or d'Urban, or something else? Of the current cited sources, only Napier doesn't say where he got it from, and all the others use, as I say, d'Urban. Carre (talk) 20:42, 4 February 2008 (UTC)
Yeah, that crossed my mind too. I'm nowhere near as familiar with this as you, but I get the impression that there aren't too many WP:RS/WP:NPOV sources that support Long's version. Fletcher has a first-class reputation, but I have to confess to being slightly sceptical about 'pop-historians' (I'm probably being hugely unfair!). Still, with WP:VERIFY, all we need to be able to say is 'according to X, Y happened'... EyeSereneTALK 20:52, 4 February 2008 (UTC)

I have McGuffie (it cost about 30 pounds sterling - second-hand) and Fletcher.

Interestingly, Fletcher (p. 149 - referencing Fortesque) attributes the precipitate withdrawal of Long's men back over to the Albuera town side of the river to a mix up by Beresford's staff officers. Long received two orders, the first from D'Urban telling him to remain on the right bank of the river and dispute his withdrawal until hard pressed by the French, the second order came from Beresford's Adjutant General, Colonel Rooke, this told Long to retire across the river and form on its left bank. Long obviously responded to the later order, which he assumed would supercede the earlier one.

This would tend to negate the argument that the primary reason for Long being relieved of his command was that Beresford was unduly displeased with his handling of his cavalry in the opening stages of the battle.

McGuffie p. 106 - a letter from Long dated 22nd May 1811:

"In consequence of the union of the Spanish Cavalry, and to prevent disputes about rank, General Beresford directed Major General Lumley to take command of the whole Cavalry, and, in my opinion, rather indelicately, permitted this command to be assumed after the action had commenced, and whilst I was manoeuvring the Troops. This I can never forgive and thus has fortune deprived me again of what I am free to think and hope might have been my hard-earned reward. Though deeply hurt, I did not abate my zeal and endeavours to promote the Marshal's glory, and to my perfect knowledge of the ground, which I had reconnoitred the night before, enabled me I believe to be of assistance to the officer who thus superseeded me."

Urselius (talk) 23:12, 4 February 2008 (UTC)

That's excellent Urselius. Does Fletcher say where he saw that in Fortescue's account? (The whole of the relevant volume of Fortescue is Public Domain, linked in the article, and can be downloaded as a PDF for free).
For what it's worth, I find the most compelling of Fortescue's sources for Long's replacement is the first of d'Urban's letters, which dates from a couple of days before the battle. Unfortunately, I never managed to find the originals, so I don't know exactly what in that letter brought Fortescue to his conclusion (he cites 2 d'Urban letters, so knowing what was in which is important).
How would you like to go ahead with this? Would an extra source in the ref (#35, I think, which mentions Napier, Oman, Glover and Fortescue) do? We can add Fletcher easily enough, if you can provide the details for the {{citation}} template in "References". Or would you prefer the contention to be in the main prose? I can help with the params in either {{citation}} or the {{harv}} family of templates if you're unsure about them. Carre (talk) 23:27, 4 February 2008 (UTC)
By the way, I think you was robbed at £30 for McGuffie! Carre (talk) 23:27, 4 February 2008 (UTC)

Fletcher reference: Fortesque, British Army, VIII, p.186.

Fletcher, I. Galloping at Everything: The British Cavalry in the Peninsula and at Waterloo 1808-15, Spellmount, Staplehurst (1999). ISBN# 1862270163.

McGuffie, T.H. (ed.) Peninsular Cavalry General: (1811-13) The Correspondence of Lieutenant General Robert Ballard Long London : George G. Harrap; 1951. (pre ISBN)

I think that if there are two versions of an event, both supported by at least one primary source, then they should both go in the body of the text. This would be my opinion about the best way of treating the problem.

Just to muddy the water even more, I have grave doubts over Beresford's formal ability to relieve a British general of his command in the field. Considering the difficulties Wellington had in getting rid of people such as William Erskine I imagine that Beresford, who was not even C-in-C of the British forces, would have been even more hamstrung. After all Long was sent out by Horseguards and invested with his command by Wellington. I would imagine that a general would have had to commit an indictable criminal offence to be removed or superceded by Beresford without reference to higher authority. Given that this sort of situation existed, it seems to me that Beresford must have had some form of agreement from Long that he was willing to be put under Lumley's authority. If the reason for this move was given out that it was because Long was incompetent then that agreement would not have been forthcoming. It must be remembered that D'Urban's letters were not public, or official.

Templates - far too technical for me, what's wrong with simple citations these days?

I needed the McGuffie quickly for something I was writing, I got a good price on a copy of Tomkinson though.

Urselius (talk) 08:56, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

Well, the Fortescue p. 186 reference is already in there (in reference #35), but I'll add Fletcher too, and see if I can come up with some nice words for the prose. Carre (talk) 09:41, 5 February 2008 (UTC)
There, done. That ok?
Eye, if you're watching, you may want to work your magic on my prose :) Carre (talk) 10:05, 5 February 2008 (UTC)
PS - the templates are just for consistency, really. When juggling 90+ references, and now 11 sources, it's easy to make little formatting slips that would be pounced on with glee by the FAC reviewers. The templates, while a pain the proverbial, just make sure everything looks the same :)
Am I right in assuming you're more into the Cavalry side of things, rather than the Peninsular War itself? If you have decent info on the whole war, you might want to have a look at Peninsular War - I'm gradually trying to bring it up to scratch, add references, fix errors, and so on, with the view to taking it through the quality process to GA/A/FA. Carre (talk) 11:43, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

The text etc. looks fine to me.

By a series of accidents I seem to have become a cavalry specialist, but my interests are, in fact, quite wide: including naval matters (I suspect my next article will have a naval subject). I'll have a look at the Peninsular War page.

Urselius (talk) 14:23, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

I've given the addition a tweak, mainly trying to be more concise so as not to disrupt the narrative too much; please correct/reword as necessary ;) EyeSereneTALK 17:47, 5 February 2008 (UTC)
Ta for that Eye.
(non sequitur : "rudderless" - tee hee, I like it) Carre (talk) 18:30, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

[edit] Duchy of Warsaw

Looking for opinions, if anyone's watching...

Should the Duchy of Warsaw be included in the infobox? It was there in the article version before I got my hands on it, and only removed after Jacky's comment at the GA review. The Vistula Uhlans were the only Polish troops present, I believe (unless there were any infantrymen amongst the French conscripts), but they weren't there as an independent entity. They were part of the French army.

I removed a recent re-addition of them in the infobox, but then reverted myself. I figured, eventually, that just as they weren't there independently, the same could, just about and at a stretch, be argued about the Portuguese (yes, a much more tenuous argument there!).

In the end, I decided I didn't want to partake in any revert warring, so do any watchers have any opinions? Cheers Carré (talk) 20:41, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

I originally thought the Duchy should be removed because Polish troops were not operating as an independant faction or even as an independant army under the command of an officer of another faction (as the Portuguese were), but were solely present at the action as a part of the larger French army. Their stake in the battle was, I felt, nowhere near big enough to merit an appearance in the infobox and I haven't seen anything to contradict this impression since. The Polish troops can of course be mentioned in the article, but I see no reason why they should have parity with the nations which contributed significant military forces with independant command structures (outside the very highest ranks).--Jackyd101 (talk) 21:39, 12 February 2008 (UTC)
Your reasoning follows my own Jacky, so thanks for that. I'm just looking to avoid edit wars :) But the Poles seem to visit here only occasionally, so I think a re-revert of my self-revert is in order. I'll leave it a little while to see if anyone else has an opinion. Carré (talk) 21:43, 12 February 2008 (UTC)
Oh, and looking back, I didn't mean to imply that I only removed the Duchy cos of your GA review. That isn't the case at all - it was something I'd meant to remove, and never got round to til reminded by your GA comment. Just in case you thought I was pointing fingers or anything :) Carré (talk) 21:45, 12 February 2008 (UTC)
No no, nothing like that, I just felt that I should give the reasoning behind my request for its removal to explain to anyone who was curious.--Jackyd101 (talk) 21:49, 12 February 2008 (UTC)
Agreed. It's not just the Poles, although I've heard this particular tune before. There's this obsession with the multinational components of the Grande Armée which seems to make people forget that all armies incorporated foreign elements in their ranks. (I don't see anyone scrambling to list the French Huguenot regiments in Marlborough's forces!) We could go on all day counting the Swiss, German, Flemish, Italian (etc.) components in any given army, but to what purpose? The rule of thumb should be only to list the nationalities of troops in "Combatants" when they constitute a fair proportion of allied strength (e.g. Waterloo). Albrecht (talk) 22:06, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

If you put the Poles in, then you can also add Hanover. There were at least as many King's German Legion participants, as were Polish ones. And the KGL was a part of the British army, as were the Poles one of the French army. So, please either both participants or none! Anne-theater (talk) 21:59, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

Thanks to both Anne-theater and Albrecht. Maybe Albrecht remembers the version of this article before I re-wrote it – so firmly in the perspective of the Poles, it made you wonder if anyone else was even there! The KGL, as ever, played an important role in the battle, but I'm not about to include them in the infobox, so I think it's bye-bye to Warsaw once again.
Thank you all, once again, for your assistance. Carré (talk) 22:11, 12 February 2008 (UTC)
First of we can’t add nations based on the ethnicity or nationality of the soldiers, ever battle involving the French Foreign Legion would be a nightmare if we did that. My solution, which I have used on the First Indochina War article, is to add states with an separate armed forces.
As I understand it, and I am no expert, the Polish forces was part of the Polish Army of the Duchy of Warsaw, a state with a armed forces same as France, Prussia, Russia, Austria and the United Kingdom. The Duchy of Warsaw sent some of their troops down to Spain to be a part of the French field armies there, that doesn’t mean that those troops become part of the French Armed forces. The German Legion on the other hand was a unit in the British Army, which happened to be maede up of Hanoverians. So no separated Armed forces, no state and no bloody infobox combatant place. In my humble opinion any other solution to this problem would be madness. Carl Logan (talk) 22:33, 12 February 2008 (UTC)
Blimey, I didn't realise so many people were watching here! I'm a little confused by your post Carl - are you suggesting that the Duchy should have an entry in the infobox, because they had an army separate from the French, even though they weren't in the Peninsular in their own right? Or have I misunderstood? Carré (talk) 22:45, 12 February 2008 (UTC)
Was the Britsh on the Western Front, in both World Wars, there in "their own right"? Same thing with the Free French Forces, they might have been part of a Britsh or American formation, but never of there armed forces. So my answer would be yes, the Polish should be in the infobox, if they contributed a significant force. For example I don’t think the United Kingdom should be in the Battle of Leipzig because their contribution was so small compared to the total force committed to the battle. Carl Logan (talk) 23:00, 12 February 2008 (UTC)
OK, so ~600 Uhlans out of the total French force of ~25,000, and against ~35,000 Anglo-Spanish-Portuguese. Small, I think. Carré (talk) 23:04, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

(outdent) Just to chuck in my 2p worth, it struck me (when I was copyediting) as odd that the Poles should be mentioned in the infobox, mainly because there is only a brief mention of them in the article. They are there in the ORBAT for those readers that are interested, and personally I think that's sufficient. EyeSereneTALK 17:59, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

[edit] Claims that lancers did not give quarter

As a comparison I have added the casualties sustained by the French infantry at the Battle of Garcia Hernandez in 1812. The situation was quite similar in that two squares of French infantry were broken by cavalry (KGL Dragoons). However of the French casualties the vast majority were made prisoners, wheras at Abuera the majority of British casualties were apparently killed or wounded with a minority made prisoner.

The text I added could possibly be better placed within a footnote, but the clumsy citation system put me off trying.

Urselius (talk) 14:11, 3 March 2008 (UTC)

Nothing wrong with what you've written, or where it is, from what I can see. I was encouraged at either the MilHist peer review or A-class review to put more historiography around that piece, but I never did. Your comparison with Garcia Hernandez is interesting; strangely, Oman's History seems to lean towards letting the Uhlan's off the brutality charge, but your citation is from Oman's Army – I'll have to have a look! Carré (talk) 18:36, 3 March 2008 (UTC)
The charge of being unusually brutal seems to have affected all lance-armed cavalry in the period, the ethnically French lancers at Waterloo were also crticised for spearing wounded and not taking prisoners. Perhaps the greater physical distance from the victim afforded by the length of the lance tended to make casual brutality more pyschologically acceptable.

Urselius (talk) 11:24, 4 March 2008 (UTC)

[edit] Long again :)

Quoting the text:

"...and a suicidal charge by Long's heavy cavalry against Latour-Maubourg's infantry, formed in square, was only halted by Beresford's timely arrival. Latour-Maubourg was subsequently able to complete his withdrawal.[21]"

This isn't strictly true. The heavies had been stopped and physically moved away from Long's direct control by the action of an aide of Beresford's before Beresford arrived on the scene. Long sent a captain back to the heavies to get them forward, but his intentions (recorded only 3 days after the action and before the censure from Wellington had been received) were to use the heavy cavalry to drive off the remaining French cavalry which were supporting the infantry squares. He then thought that the French infantry, deprived of cavalry cover, would be induced to surrender. Long never mentioned any intention of throwing his cavalry at formed squares of French infantry, this is an insinuation of Beresford/D'Urban and uncritically repeated by Oman. The captain returned to Long to say that Bereford had stopped the heavies personally. Long remained to see, with incredulity, the French column walk away from eight squadrons of British heavy cavalry, three squadrons of Portuguese cavalry and a battery of KGL artillery (which got off a few shots at the French before being halted by Beresford) just as the forward elements of British infantry under Colborne were coming up. It is worth pointing out that a contemporary way of breaking infantry squares was recognised as the co-operation of artillery and cavalry. The threat of cavalry charging forced the infantry to stop moving and adopt a defensive posture, the artillery then used the infantry as target practice until they surrendered or were so knocked about that the cavalry could charge with hope of success.

Urselius (talk) 13:22, 19 May 2008 (UTC)

I don't think Long would have written about wanting to use his cavalry against infantry in square, even if that was his intention at the time. However, one has to question D'Urban's account of anything involving Long too. Thanks to self-serving testimony on both sides of this rather childish dispute, we're always going to be able to write two versions of everything! Is this Fletcher again for the above? (BTW, Carre is not editing much at the moment, though I think he does check in from time to time.) EyeSerenetalk 20:30, 19 May 2008 (UTC)
It's from McGuffie and Fletcher, and also Napier (to some extent). The main indication of Long's intent was a letter he wrote only three days after the action. At the time he would have merely been unhappy about Beresford's handling of the action, he would not have known of Beresford's very self-serving report to Wellington and would not, of course, have received Wellington's stern censure of the 13th LD (and by extrapolation of himself). There would be no particular reason for Long to have been defensive in his letter, there is also no reason to doubt that what he expressed was what he felt at the time. If he felt that he could have broken the French infantry with the heavies I think he would have said so, but he didn't, he merely said that he would have used them to drive off the remaining French cavalry and then, he considered, that he would have been able to force the infantry to surrender. The French column needed to keep moving towards Badajoz as it knew it had a whole Anglo-Portuguese army coming up behind it. Without cavalry cover, and menaced by no less than 11 British and Portuguese squadrons, the French infantry would have been forced to stop or at least made to move very very slowly. Long had every reason to expect, in these circumstances, that British artillery and infantry would have been able to close with the French long before they reached the safety of Badajoz, and the game would have been over for them. Urselius (talk) 08:33, 20 May 2008 (UTC)
I agree, Long's explanation of his intent is tactically sound, and would probably have left the French infantry in serious trouble (although Craufurd showed how it could be done at Fuentes de Oñoro - but unlike our hypothetical situation he still had cavalry support). Beresford clearly felt he had to justify his actions, which according to Long's version directly led to L-M's escape, and Wellington was, perhaps understandably, always ready to believe the worst about the cavalry! However, back to the topic... if you want to work this into the article, feel free; how would you suggest going about it? EyeSerenetalk 09:46, 20 May 2008 (UTC)
There isn't a page on Campo Mayor, which is something I've been contemplating remedying for some time, though it would be a considerable effort. Once this page is in existence then linking would be easy from here, and a full discussion of the controversy would be readily available for the interested reader. As it is I think watering down the rather bald statement into something on the lines of: "The pursuit of L-M's force was poorly co-ordinated and the greater part of the French force managed to reach the safety of Badajoz. The reason behind this failure was subsequently disputed between supporters of Brigadier Long and Marshal Beresford." Or words to that effect. The KGL hussars fought very well against vastly superior numbers of French cavalry at Fuentes, the two squadrons of French hussars directly supporting L-M's infantry did similarly good work at Campo Mayor, but there's little doubt that 8 squadrons of British heavies could have broken them very easily. Urselius (talk) 10:56, 20 May 2008 (UTC)
'Poorly coordinated pursuit' pretty much sums up the British side of the Peninsular war ;) Your suggestion sounds good to me - maybe we could provide further explanation in a footnote? Something like: "According to Oman, Beresford had to intervene to prevent Long sending his cavalry in a suicidal charge against L-M's formed infantry,[citation needed] but Long's account (reported by McGuffie and Fletcher) has Beresford preventing him from driving off the remaining French cavalry, thus leaving L-M's infantry exposed to a combined-arms assault that would likely have seen a complete French capitulation.[citation needed]" EyeSerenetalk 11:54, 20 May 2008 (UTC)

How about a slight expansion of my above suggestion for the body of the text? and the following as a footnote:

"The cavalry clash at Campo Mayor, was to become a very controversial action. Beresford considered that Long had lost control of his light cavalry, which had pursued fleeing French cavalry for up to seven miles until they came within range of the fortress guns of Badajoz. Beresford also claimed that his taking personal command of the heavy dragoon brigade had prevented Long from ordering them to attempt a suicidal charge against French infantry squares (see Oman pp.258-265) Long was of the opinion, and was subsquently supported in this by the historian Napier (see Napier pp. 309-310), that if Beresford had released the British brigade of heavy dragoons he would have been able to drive off the supporting French cavalry and force the French infantry to surrender (see McGuffie, T.H pp. 73-81)."

I can get hold of the missing page numbers etc.

Great, and more succinct than my version ;) Let's go with that then. EyeSerenetalk 17:33, 20 May 2008 (UTC)

Urselius (talk) 13:33, 20 May 2008 (UTC)

Done! It's only more succinct if you ignore the stonking great footnote attached.  :) Urselius (talk) 20:42, 20 May 2008 (UTC)

Can you check the Napier details for the new footnote please? Which edition of Vol II in particular, I think. Just checked my copy (1st edition), and pp 309-310 isn't about Albuera / Campo Maior, but later editions had changes in. Then I'll add Vol II to the references section, and mosify the new footnote. Cheers. Carré (talk) 06:44, 22 May 2008 (UTC)
It's a later edition, the 4th, in the early editions Napier holds back on his criticisms of Beresford's record. Even the moderate tone of his first edition provoked a storm from the Beresford camp, Napier didn't pull his punches in later editions. Indeed in the various prefaces and "letters" included in the later editions Napier positively insults Beresford. Urselius (talk) 07:55, 22 May 2008 (UTC)
Excellent, thanks for that. Found a 4th edition on google books, so I'll link that in the {{citation}}. Carré (talk) 09:49, 22 May 2008 (UTC)
Looks good to me ;) EyeSerenetalk 12:11, 22 May 2008 (UTC)
Great! I don't know how you want to treat the spelling of the name of the action. 'Campo Maior' is the modern Portuguese name for the town. However, 'Campo Mayor' (a more Spanish style of spelling) is still the English usage for the name of the action eg. The Greenhill Napoleonic Wars Data Book by Digby Smith (1998). Of course it is also the spelling used by Napier and Oman. Urselius (talk) 12:20, 22 May 2008 (UTC)
Yeah, it's Mayor in all of my references too, all 15 of em :D, but I'd already used Maior in the article, so consistency. Similarly, don't really want to go talking about things like Badajos; perpetuating century old British misconceptions on spelling, I don't feel, really has a place in an encyclopaedia. I actually have a vague recollection of reading this version of events before, probably in Fortescue, so it's good to have the viewpoint in the article. Thanks for bringing it up and putting the words in. Carré (talk) 13:07, 22 May 2008 (UTC)
For what it's worth, I think Maior is correct despite the sources (that's what the linked article is called, and is consistent with Badajoz rather than Badajos) EyeSerenetalk 13:13, 22 May 2008 (UTC)

Perhaps it would be kind to the reader to give the alternate spelling in brackets after the first use of the name. I have great mental problems reading histories where Spanish-Portuguese border place-names are used - for Olivenza do I think "oleeventha" or "oleevenzha?" Urselius (talk) 14:07, 22 May 2008 (UTC)