Battle of the North Inch
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The Battle of the North Inch (also known as the Battle of the Clans)[1] was a hostile encounter that took place in Perth, Scotland, in 1396 on what is the city's present-day North Inch. The battle was between men of the Chattan Confederation, led by Clan MacKintosh, against men of the Clan Kay or Quhele, identified by some modern writers with Clan Cameron.[2] The clash, which took place before King Robert III and his court, resulted in the deaths of forty-eight of the sixty participants.
At the King's insistence, David Lindsay, 1st Earl of Crawford and Dunbar, had attempted to get the two feuding clans to settle their differences amicably. This failed, however, which led the two chiefs to put forth the notion of an open combat between members of the two parties, with the monarch awarding honours to the victors and a pardon to the defeated.
The clansmen agreed, and on a Monday morning in late September, the clans marched through the streets of Perth, "to the sound of the pibroch and armed with bows and arrows, swords, targes, knives and axes",[1] to the western banks of the River Tay. Barriers were erected on three sides of the Inch, in an attempt to keep spectators off the battlefield, with the Tay forming the natural fourth side to the north.
The Gilded Arbour summerhouse of the Dominican Monastery, which afforded those inside an excellent view of the Inch, was adapted into a grandstand for the King and his entourage.
According to historian Alexander Mackintosh Shaw, Clan Chattan was composed of MacKintoshes, MacPhersons, Davidsons, MacGillivrays and Macbeans, while Marshall's History of Perth states that "it is generally accepted that the Clan Chattan were the MacKintoshes, but, as always happens with the unfortunate, no sept or clan is willing to claim kindred with the Clan Kay".[3]
More recent historians, however, have suggested that the battle was an internal dispute between two clans from within Clan Chattan over who should take precedence in order of battle. The sides being identified as either the MacKintoshes or MacPhersons (labelled Chattan by Scott) against the Davidsons (labelled Kay). Davidson is rendered Dhai in Gaelic which it's now accepted (not least by kilt makers) has been corrupted to Keay (pronounced Kay) by non-gaelic speakers. The name Keay (which is entirely unrelated to Kay) still sees its greatest concentration in Perth suggesting either more survived the battle than was recorded, or a significant retinue was left behind after the event.
Immediately prior to the commencement of the battle, it was discovered that Clan Chattan were short one man with 29. Some claim the absentee's courage had deserted him; another source states he had fallen sick. Whatever the case, the Chattans refused to fight at anything but full strength, and the opposition didn't proffer to even up the numbers.
Just when it seemed that the battle would have to be abandoned, a substitute stepped forward. He was Henry Smith (also known by the names Hal o' the Wynd and the Gow-Chrom), and he was a harness-maker and armorer in the town. "Small in stature, bandy-legged, but fierce," he was promised half a French crown of gold and the guarantee that he would be maintained for life if he survived. The offer was accepted, and the battle was given the green light.
The most vivid, if not imaginative, account was written by Sir Walter Scott, who comments in The Fair Maid of Perth thus:
| “ | The trumpets of the King sounded a charge, the bagpipes blew up their screaming and maddening notes, and the combatants, starting forward in regular order, and increasing their pace, till they came to a smart run, met together in the centre of the ground, as a furious land torrent encounters an advancing tide.
Blood flowed fast, and the groans of those who fell began to mingle with the cries of those who fought. The wild notes of the pipes were still heard above the tumult and stimulated to further exertion the fury of the combatants. At once, however, as if by mutual agreement, the instruments sounded a retreat. The two parties disengaged themselves from each other to take breath for a few minutes. About twenty of both sides lay on the field, dead or dying; arms and legs lopped off, heads cleft to the chin, slashes deep through the shoulder to the breast, showed at once the fury of the combat, the ghastly character of the weapons used, and the fatal strength of the arms which wielded them. |
” |
The battle resumed and continued until only eleven members of Clan Chattan (including Hal o' the Wynd)[1] and one of the Camerons was still alive. The latter, realising his was a lost cause, jumped into the Tay and swam to safety, handing victory to the Chattans.
[edit] References
- ^ a b c The Battle of the Clans at VisitDunkeld.com
- ^ Battle at the North Inch of Perth
- ^ Sir Walter Scott, in his novel The Fair Maid of Perth, states that the clan opposing the Chattans was Clan Kay (or Quhele).
