Battle of the Dardanelles (1807)
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The naval Battle of the Dardanelles took place on 10-11 May 1807 during the Russo-Turkish War (1806-12, part of the Napoleonic Wars). It was fought between the Russian and Ottoman navies near the Dardanelles Strait. The Russians were victorious.
As the Turkish capital, Istanbul, heavily depended on maritime supply, Russia's Vice-Admiral Dmitry Senyavin, in charge of ten battleships and a frigate, established a blockade of the Dardanelles on March 6, 1807. He maintained the blockade for two months, by the end of which period food riots broke out on the streets of Istanbul and Sultan Selim III was deposed. His successor, Mustafa IV, ordered his captains to break the blockade at any cost.
Pursuant to these orders, 8 battleships, 6 frigates and 55 smaller vessels under Kapudan Pasha Seyit-Ali (who had fought against Senyavin two decades earlier in the Battle of Caliacria) slipped out of the Straits and prepared to land in the island of Tenedos, which served as a base for the Russian squadron in the Aegean. Senyavin decided to forestall Seyit-Ali's plans and advanced against the Ottoman fleet. After several hours of fighting, the Russians appeared victorious and the Turks had to retreat to the Dardanelles. Senyavin pursued them into the Straits and attempted to destroy three badly damaged Ottoman battleships, but the heavy fire of the shore batteries and darkness compelled him to give up the pursuit. Although about 1,000 Turkish sailors were killed or wounded and no Russian ship was sunk, the battle appeared indecisive. Senyavin continued to blockade the Dardanelles before engaging the Turks in the Battle of Monte Sancto a month later.
The book Naval wars in the Levant indicates that Senyavin allowed the Turks to attack Tenedos, while trying to approach from the southeast of this island to cut off their retreat to the Dardanelles, but was unable due to lack of wind, and the battle was a running battle, with the fleets ending up mixed together in the straits that night, eventually separating. Three Turkish battleships were left outside the straits, and these were attacked the next day, running aground just inside, but eventually were refloated, although they may not have been seaworthy.
