Battle of Tendra
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The naval Battle of Tendra, fought on 8 and 9 September 1790 in the Black Sea as part of the Russo-Turkish War, 1787-1792, was a victory for Russia over the Ottoman Empire.
The Russian fleet of 10 battleships, 6 frigates and small craft sailed from Sevastopol on 5 September under Fyodor Ushakov for Kherson to pick up some frigates. At 6 a.m. on 8 September it encountered the Turkish fleet of 14 battleships, 8 frigates and small craft at anchor near Tendra. As the Turks formed into a battle line, the Russian fleet sailed toward the tail end of the Turkish line in 3 parallel lines, forming into one line as they did so.
The Turkish admiral, Hussein Pasha, seeing his tail threatened, turned north and came back parallel to the Russians, who followed suit so the two fleets ended up on paralleled tracks, heading north-east. This was completed by about 2 p.m.. Ushakov ordered 3 frigates to the off-battle side of the van to guard against a Turkish doubling of the Russian line (Turkish ships of the period were usually coppered and therefore several knots faster than Russian ships), leaving 13 ships of 710 guns in his line, opposed to 14 with 900 guns. Ushakov then turned toward the Turkish ships and firing began at about 3 p.m..
The Turks began to bear away and by 6 p.m. were in full retreat. The Russians followed closely, inflicting much damage - in particular, the Turkish Vice Admiral's ship was attacked by Ioann Bogoslov, and the Admiral's and Rear-Admiral's ships by Rozhdestvo Christovo and Preobrazhenie Gospodne. The Turks speed allowed them to get away though, and soon after 8 p.m. firing ceased and the Russians anchored.
The next day, 2 damaged Turkish ships, the "kapitana" (Vice Admiral's ship) and Melike Bahri were seen close by, and the Russians attacked. Melike Bahri surrendered to Maria Magdalina without resistance, but the "kapitana" put up a stout resistance. At 10 a.m. she was attacked by Sv. Andrei Pervozvannyi, which brought down her fore topsail, then by Sv. Georgii Pobyedonosets, Preobrazhenie Gospodne and others. By noon she was completely surrounded, but fought on. At 2 p.m. Ushakov in Rozhdestvo Christovo shot away all her masts and placed his ship across her bows, and at 3 p.m. she surrendered. Unfortunately she was seen to be on fire, and blew up after only 20 men, including Said Bey and her captain, had been taken off. Only 101 men were saved out of 800 on board.
Some Russian ships had been chasing the rest of the Turkish fleet but they were losing ground and at about 4:30 p.m. Ushakov recalled them. Russian privateers later brought in 3 small craft. Russian casualties were 25 killed and 25 wounded, and 733 Turks were captured. Several ships had minor damage in their masts and rigging. Russian victory in the Battle of Tendra allowed them to control the Black Sea.
[edit] Ships involved
[edit] Russia (Fyodor Ushakov)
- Rozhdestvo Christovo 84 (flag)
- Maria Magdalina 66
- Preobrazhenie Gospodne 66
- Sv. Pavel 66
- Sv. Vladimir 66
- Sv. Aleksandr Nevskii 50
- Sv. Andrei Pervozvannyi 50
- Sv. Georgii Pobyedonosets 50
- Ioann Bogoslov 46
- Sv. Petr Apostol 46
- Fanagoria 40
- Kinburn 40
- Legkii 40
- Perun 40
- Stryela 40
- Taganrog 40
- Rozhdestvo Christovo (bomb)
- Polotsk
- 2 fireships
- 17 privateers
[edit] Turkey (Hussein Pasha)
- "kapitana" 74 (2nd flag of Said Bey) - Blew up 9 September
- Melike Bahri 66 - Captured 9 September
- 12 other battleships
- 8 frigates
- 3 small craft - Captured 9 September
- other small craft
[edit] References
- Naval wars in the Levant 1559-1853 (1952) - R. C. Anderson ISBN 1-57898-538-2
