Batman (TV series)

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Batman
Title card for the Batman television series.
Format	Action Comedy
Created by	Bob Kane (characters) William Dozier (series)
Starring	Adam West Burt Ward Alan Napier Neil Hamilton Stafford Repp Madge Blake and Yvonne Craig (Season 3)
Theme music composer	Neal Hefti
Country of origin	United States
No. of seasons	3
No. of episodes	120 (List of episodes)
Production
Running time	30 minutes (with ads)
Broadcast
Original channel	ABC
Original run	January 12, 1966 – March 14, 1968
External links
IMDb profile
TV.com summary

Batman is a 1960s American television series, based on the DC comic book character Batman. It aired on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) network for 2½ seasons from January 12, 1966 to March 14, 1968. Because the series had two weekly installments for most of its tenure, it contained the same number of episodes as a five-year or even a five-and-a-half-year run by today's standards (shooting 22-24 episodes per season).

[edit] Genesis of the series

In the early 1960s, Ed Graham Productions optioned the TV rights to Batman, and planned a straightforward juvenile adventure show, much like Adventures of Superman and The Lone Ranger, for CBS on Saturday mornings. Mike Henry, who would later go on to star in the Tarzan franchise, and is best known for his portrayal of Jackie Gleason's dipstick son in the Smokey and the Bandit movies, was set to star as Batman. Reportedly, DC Comics commissioned publicity photos of Henry in a Batman costume. Around this same time, the Playboy Club in Chicago was screening the Batman serials (1943's Batman and 1949's Batman and Robin) on Saturday nights. It became very popular, as the hip partygoers would cheer and applaud the Dynamic Duo, and boo and hiss at the villains. East coast ABC executive Yale Udoff, a Batman fan in childhood, attended one of these parties at the Playboy Club and was impressed with the reaction the serials were getting. He contacted West Coast ABC executives Harve Bennett and Edgar Scherick, who were already considering developing a TV series based on a comic strip action hero, to suggest a prime time Batman series in the hip and fun style of The Man from U.N.C.L.E.

When negotiations between CBS and Graham stalled, DC quickly reeled the rights back in and made the deal with ABC. ABC farmed the rights out to 20th Century Fox to produce the series. Fox, in turn, handed the project to William Dozier and his Greenway Productions. Whereas ABC and Fox were expecting a hip and fun, yet still serious, adventure show, Dozier, who loathed comic books, concluded the only way to make the show work was to do it as a pop art camp comedy. Originally, mystery novelist Eric Ambler was to write the motion picture that would launch the TV series, but he dropped out after learning of Dozier's camp comedy approach.

By the time ABC pushed up the debut date to January 1966, thus foregoing the movie until the summer hiatus, Lorenzo Semple Jr. had signed on as head script writer. He wrote the pilot script, and generally kept his scripts more on the side of pop art adventure. Stanley Ralph Ross, Stanford Sherman, and Charles Hoffman were script writers who generally leaned more toward camp comedy, and in Ross' case, sometimes outright slapstick and satire. Instead of producing a one-hour show, Dozier and Semple decided to have the show air twice a week in half-hour installments with a cliffhanger connecting the two episodes, echoing the old movie serials. Initially, Dozier wanted Ty Hardin to play Batman, but he was unavailable, filming Westerns in Europe. Eventually, two sets of screen tests were filmed, one with Adam West and Burt Ward, the other with Lyle Waggoner and Peter Deyell, with West and Ward winning the roles.

[edit] Plot summary

Main article: Batman (TV): Guest appearances and episodes

The typical formula story began with the villain (typically one of a short list of recurring villains) committing a crime, such as robbing a bank. This was followed by a scene inside Police Commissioner Gordon's office where he and Chief O'Hara would deduce exactly which villain they were dealing with. Gordon would press a button on the Batphone, signaling a cut to Wayne Manor where Alfred, the butler, would answer the manor's Batphone, a bright red telephone that beeped loudly instead of ringing on the desk in Bruce Wayne's study. Alfred would then interrupt Bruce Wayne and Dick Grayson - usually they would be found talking with Aunt Harriet, who didn't know of their dual life - with a pretext to draw them away to answer the Batphone. Upon hearing of his enemy's schemes, Bruce would push a button concealed within a bust of Shakespeare that stood on his desk, opening a hidden door in a bookcase and revealing two poles. Wayne says to Grayson "To the Batpoles", then they would slide down, flicking a switch on their way down. This was usually where the animated title sequence would occur.

They would arrive in the Batcave in full costume and jump into the Batmobile, Batman in the driver's seat. Robin would say "Atomic batteries to power, turbines to speed" and Batman would respond "Roger, ready to move out" and the two would race off out of the cave at high speed. As the Batmobile approached the mouth of the cave, a hinged barrier dropped down to allow the car to exit on to the road. Scenes from the Dynamic Duo sliding down the batpoles in the Batcave, to the arrival of Comissioner Gordon's building via. the Batmobile (while the episode credits are shown), are recycled footage that is used in nearly all part 1 and single episodes.

After arriving at Commissioner Gordon's office, the initial discussion of the crime usually led to the Dynamic Duo (Batman and Robin) conducting their investigation alone. In the investigation, a meeting with the villain would usually ensue with the heroes getting involved in a fight and the villain getting away, only to come back and fight again later in the show. Here, the villain would capture one or both of the heroes and place them in a deathtrap with a cliffhanger ending which was usually resolved in the first few minutes of the next episode.

The same pattern was repeated in the following episode until the villain was defeated.

[edit] Season 1

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In Season 1, the dynamic duo, Batman (Adam West) and Robin (Burt Ward), are two super crime fighting heroes to fight those villians of Gotham City, NJ. It begins with 2-part episodes, "Hi Diddle Riddle" and "Smack in the Middle".

[edit] Season 2

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In Season 2, the show suffered from repetition of its characters and formula. This, combined with Lorenzo Semple Jr. contributing fewer scripts and having less of an influence on the series, caused viewers to tire of the show and for critics to complain, "If you've seen one episode of Batman, you've seen them all".

[edit] Season 3

By Season 3, ratings were falling and the future of the series seemed uncertain. A promotional short featuring Yvonne Craig as Batgirl and Tim Herbert as Killer Moth was produced. The short was convincing enough to pick up Batman for another season, and introduced Batgirl as a regular on the show in an attempt to attract more female viewers. Batgirl's alter ego was Barbara Gordon, a mild-mannered librarian at the Gotham Library and Commissioner Gordon's daughter.^[1] The show was reduced to once a week, with mostly self-contained episodes, although the next week's villain would be in a tag at the end of the episode, similar to a soap opera. As such, the narrator's cliffhanger phrases were eliminated, but most episodes would end with him saying something to the extent of "Watch the next episode!"

Aunt Harriet was reduced to just two cameo appearances during the third season, due to Madge Blake being in poor health. (Aunt Harriet was also mentioned in another episode, but was not seen; her absence was explained by her being in shock upstairs.) The nature of the scripts and acting started to enter into the realm of the surreal, specifically with the backgrounds, which became two-dimensional cut-outs against a stark black stage.

[edit] Cancellation

At the end of the third season, ABC planned cuts to the budget by eliminating Chief O'Hara and Robin, while making Batgirl Batman's full time partner. Both Dozier and West opposed this idea, and ABC cancelled the show a short time later. Weeks later, NBC offered to pick the show up for a fourth season and even restore it to its twice a week format, if the sets were still available for use. However, NBC's offer came too late: Fox had already demolished the sets a week before. NBC didn't want to pay the $800,000 to rebuild, so the offer was withdrawn. Batman was replaced on ABC by the sitcom The Second Hundred Years.

[edit] 1970s reunions

In 1972, Burt Ward and Yvonne Craig reunited as Robin and Batgirl, with Dick Gautier stepping in as Batman (Adam West was, at the time, trying to distance himself from the Batman role) for a Women's Liberation Equal Pay public service announcement. In 1977, Adam West and Burt Ward returned to the Batman universe in animated form. West and Ward lent their voices to Batman and Robin respectively, on the Filmation-produced animated series, The New Adventures of Batman. West would once again reprise his role as Batman in animated form when he succeeded Olan Soule in the final two seasons of Super Friends. In 1979, West, Ward, and Frank Gorshin reunited on NBC for Hanna-Barbera's two Legends of the Superheroes TV specials.

[edit] Theme music

The title theme to Batman is one of the best-known theme tunes of all time. Composed by Neal Hefti, the song is built around a minimalistic and foreboding but catchy guitar hook reminiscent of spy film scores and surf music. It is a simple twelve bar blues progression using only three chords until the coda. The lyrics to the theme consist of ten cries of "Batman!", which were originally thought to be sung by a female chorus; however, Adam West's book Back to the Batcave reveals the "voices" to actually be instrumental, rather than vocal. These ten repetitions of "Batman!" were then followed by a coda of "Na na na na Na na na na BATMAN!"

The theme was the most recorded song of 1966. In addition to Neal Hefti's original version, and the television soundtrack version by Nelson Riddle, versions were covered by The Marketts, The Ventures, Dan and Dale, Al Hirt, The Who, The Standells and Jan and Dean, who released a concept album titled Jan & Dean Meet Batman. There were also versions by groups who seemed to exist solely for covering the song, such as "The Sensational Batboys" and "Bruce and the Robin Rockers".

The famously minimal song has been widely parodied in the decades since its debut, and remains a prominent pop-culture subject to this day. The theme has been re-recorded by dozens of artists, the most notable including Link Wray, The Kinks, Snoop Dogg, 50 Cent and Eminem, The Flaming Lips, The Who, Voivod, Alien Sex Fiend, Mucky Pup and The Jam.^{[citation needed]} Careful listeners will notice a higher-pitched version of the tune in the theme music for The Batman. In addition, artists Prince and R.E.M used the variations of (but did not remake) the TV show theme in their work: Prince, in the song "Batdance" (which appeared on the soundtrack to the 1989 movie), and R.E.M. in a rejected song for the Batman Returns soundtrack, later released under the title "Winged Mammal Theme," as a "B-side" to the single "Drive."^[2]

The opening theme of this series can be heard at the 10th stage of the arcade game City Connection.

[edit] Popularity

Many sports, music, and media personalities, and a number of Hollywood actors, looked forward to and enjoyed their appearances as villains on the Batman show. They were generally allowed to overact and enjoy themselves on a high-rated TV series, guaranteeing them considerable exposure (and thus boosting their careers). The most popular villains on the show included Cesar Romero as the Joker, Burgess Meredith as The Penguin, Frank Gorshin as The Riddler, Julie Newmar as Catwoman, and Victor Buono as King Tut. Other famous names from the "rogues gallery" in the comic book series made appearances on the show (notably The Mad Hatter), and some were taken from other superheroes, such as The Archer and The Puzzler (Superman villains) and The Clock King (a Green Arrow villain). Many other villains were created especially for the TV show, and never did appear in the comic books (e.g., The Siren, Chandelle, Bookworm, King Tut, Lord Ffogg, Dr. Cassandra, and Louie the Lilac), while some were hybrids. The comics' Mr. Zero was renamed Mr. Freeze (a name change that was copied in the comics with lasting effect), and the comics' Brainy Barrows was reworked as Egghead. Other celebrities often appeared in scenes where the Dynamic Duo were scaling a building wall and the celebrity would suddenly open a window and have a short conversation with the superheroes.

Adam West enjoys the story that he was part of two of the three Big B's of the 1960s: Batman, The Beatles and Bond. West says he was actually invited to play Bond in On Her Majesty's Secret Service based on his popularity as Batman, but declined the role as he felt it should be played by a British actor (ironically, the role went to an Australian, George Lazenby).

The popularity of the TV show did not translate well to the silver screen, however. A movie version of the TV show was released to theaters (see Batman (1966 film)), but it did not become a large box office hit, even though creatively the movie was generally regarded to be just as good as the first season episodes, and superior to most of the second and third season episodes.^{[citation needed]} The movie continued to be profitably re-released to theaters, TV, and video for decades. Originally, the movie had been created to help sell the TV series abroad, but the success of the series in America sold itself, and the movie was brought out after season one had already been aired. In fact, the movie's budget allowed for producers to build the Batboat and Batcopter, which were used in the second and third seasons of the TV show.

The live-action TV show was extraordinarily popular. At the height of its popularity, it was the only prime time TV show other than Peyton Place to be broadcast twice in one week as part of its regular schedule, airing at 7:30 p.m. Wednesdays and Thursdays. Episodes of the show were often filmed as two-part cliffhangers, with each storyline beginning on Wednesday and ending on the Thursday night episode. At the very end of the Thursday night segment, a little tag featuring the next week's villain would be shown, e.g.: "Next week -- Batman jousts with The Joker again!" (this started the third week of the series' run and continued until the end of season two). The first episode of a storyline would typically end with Batman and Robin being trapped in a ridiculous deathtrap, while the narrator (Dozier) would tell viewers to watch the next night with the repeated phrase: "Tune in tomorrow — same Bat-time, same Bat-channel!" Even now, many years after the show ceased production, this catch-phrase is still a long-running punchline in popular culture.

The Batman-influenced Pittsburgh Steelers jerseys the team wore in 1967.

Batman would even have influence in the sports world. During the height of the show's popularity, the Pittsburgh Steelers unveiled new uniforms influenced by Adam West's Batman outfits. The uniforms were introduced for the 1967 NFL season, and had gold triangle-like diamonds on the shoulders of both the black home jerseys and white away jerseys. However, the jerseys turned out to be very unpopular and, coupled with a last-place season that year, were discarded the following season in favor of the team's current-style uniforms.

The show even contributed to the careers of two real-life New York City policemen, David Greenberg and Robert Hantz. This pair had a remarkable career as police officers, so much so that they were given street nicknames of "Batman and Robin". Their careers were fictionalized in the 1974 movie The Super Cops.

[edit] Lasting impact

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The series' stars, Adam West and Burt Ward, were typecast for decades afterwards, with West especially finding himself unable to escape the reputation the series gave him as a hammy, campy actor. However, years after the series' impact faded, West found fame and respect among comic book and animation fans, who appreciated his work on the TV series. One of the more popular episodes of Batman: The Animated Series paid tribute to West with an episode titled "The Grey Ghost". In this episode, West played the role of an aging star of a superhero TV series Bruce Wayne had watched as a child, and would be inspired by as a crimefighter, who found new popularity with the next generation of fans. He would also play Gotham City's Mayor Grange as a somewhat recurring role in The Batman. In addition, the most frequent visual influence is that later Batmobiles usually have a rear rocket thruster that usually fires as the car makes a fast start.

In 2003, West and Ward reunited for a tongue-in-cheek telefilm titled Return to the Batcave: The Misadventures of Adam and Burt which combined dramatized recreations of the filming of the original series (with younger actors standing in for the stars), with modern day footage of West and Ward searching for a stolen Batmobile. The film included cameo appearances by Newmar and Gorshin, as well as Lee Meriwether who had played Catwoman in the 1966 film and Lyle Waggoner, who had been an early candidate for the role of Batman. Yvonne Craig did not appear in the movie because she reportedly disliked the script. The movie received high ratings and was released on DVD May 2005.

A line spoken by Robin (Chris O'Donnell) in Batman Forever is a straight homage to the TV Robin's catch-phrase. During the movie he says, "Holey rusted metal, Batman," (referring to the island's land-scape which is made from rusted metal and has holes in it) which sounds intentionally similar to lines spoken by Robin beginning with the word "Holy" and ending with "Batman".

[edit] VHS & DVD (non-) release

Despite considerable popular demand^[3], no official home entertainment release (VHS, laserdisc or DVD) of the series has occurred to date in North America, with the situation seemingly unlikely to be resolved in the near future.

Conflicting reports of the reasons behind the non-release of the series point to a number of different factors, some, none or all of which may indeed play a part. These include:

• Disagreement between DC Comics (who own the Batman character. DC's sister/parent company Warner Bros., which took over DC in 1976 could also be involved) and 20th Century Fox (who own the program itself). Gord Lacey's influential TV/DVD website TVShowsonDVD.com is often quoted in support of this much-discussed theory, after a story the website ran in December, 2005.^[4]
  • Some commentators have suggested that DC Comics itself is not involved, and that Warner and Fox are reluctant to work with each other. This was denied by a Warner spokesperson in 2005 during their semi-regular "Home Theatre Forum" chat, where it was stated that the issues were between Fox and DC alone, with Warner playing no part in negotiations.^[5]
  • Some slight suggestion has been made that DC does not wish to distort the current image of the Dark Knight by having the overtly-campy 1960s series competing head-to-head with more modern takes, such as Batman, Batman Returns, Batman Forever, Batman & Robin and Batman Begins. However, such alleged suggestions that readers might become confused are easily countered by noting the different versions of Batman comics already published, which regularly number at least three (the main series, the children's series The Batman Strikes! and All-Star Batman, etc.) in addition to the film series (and the four earlier films), the DVD releases of the 1940s film serials and various cartoon incarnations. (As an interesting aside to possible rights issues and DC distancing itself from that incarnation, in October 2005 issue #7 of the DC Comics series Solo was released without it's solicited cover by Mike Allred of the Adam West-Batman doing the Batusi. Allred explains that the cover was pulled by "higher ups" for reasons largely unknown.^[6] Speculation over the reasons first intimated that potential infringement of rights were the issue, but this was soon replaced with suggestions that it's "campy" nature was the real factor in its removal, both because the release coincided with the DVD releases of Batman, Batman Returns, Batman Forever, Batman & Robin and Batman Begins, and editor Dan Didio reportedly does not like camp.^[7]
• Greenway/ABC/Fox rights issues. The Batman series was conceived as an equal partnership between William Dozier's Greenway Productions and Fox in 1964, before Fox entered into a separate agreement with ABC to produce the series in 1965. With three companies involved almost from the outset, there is some speculation that rights are tangled even before the DC Comics character-ownership rights are considered. Moreover:
  • Another Greenway Productions series, The Green Hornet is similrly absent from DVD release, (although, like Batman, the rights to theatrical features based upon the show were different, and these have been released, as has Batman: The Movie.) leading to speculation that Greenway could be the common factor, and hence in some fashion be the stumbling block.
  • In 2006, Deborah Dozier Potter, "the successor-in-interest to Greenway Productions" sued Fox for allegedly withholding monies under the Fox/ABC agreement.^[8][9] Dozier Potter further claimed that this came to her attention when, in March 2005: "she considered releasing the series on DVD," implying that (from her perspective at least) Greenway/Dozier Potter has some say in the matter of potentional DVD release of the series. (The case was resolved/dismissed in November, 2007, as noted at the "1966 Batman Message Board".^[10])
• Other complications/rights issues:
  • Christopher D Heer, writing at the "1966 Batman Message Board", clarified a quote by moderator Lee Kirkham, noting that there will likely be the need for complicated deals regarding cameos, since "..at least some of the cameos were done as uncredited, unpaid walk-ons -- which means that Fox does NOT have home video clearances for them. Either those scenes would have to be cut or an agreement reached with the actors."^[11]
  • Kirkham's initial quote also noted that, alongside music clearance issues, there could also be problems over some of the costumes, and the original Batmobile:

"It may surprise you, but then there are also rights issues concerning the design of the unique Batmobile design used in the show, and possible a separate issue regarding some of the costumes as well!"^[12]

The series, under the Fox/ABC deal, is however still in syndication, and regularly shown on a number of channels around the world. Thus far, though, only the 1966 feature film is available on DVD for non-broadcast viewing in North America. This also affected the 2003 television movie reunion Return to the Batcave: The Misadventures of Adam and Burt, which was only able to make use of footage from the 1966 movie.

[edit] Trivia

Trivia sections are discouraged under Wikipedia guidelines. The article could be improved by integrating relevant items and removing inappropriate ones.

• Not counting six of the Penguin's henchmen who disintegrate or get blown up in the associated Batman theatrical movie, only four criminal characters die during the series: the Riddler's moll Molly (played by Jill St. John in Episode 2), a fake "Commissioner Gordon" who gets shot by the "Bookworm," and two out-of-town gunmen who shot at the Dynamic Duo toward the end of the "Zelda the Great" episode, but ended up killing each other instead.

• Lesley Gore, who plays "Pussycat" (one of Catwoman's henchwomen), was a popular singer of the day with hits such as "It's My Party". On the January 19, 1967 episode, she sang her top 20 hit "California Nights". Gore was also the niece of Howie Horwitz, one of the show's producers.

• Only two of the series guest villains ever discovered Batman's true identity: Egghead by deductive reasoning, and King Tut on two occasions (once with a bug on the Batmobile and once by accidentally mining into the Batcave). Egghead was tricked into disbelieving his discovery, and Tut's recurring amnesia made him forget both times.

• Of the big four criminals (Riddler, Joker, Penguin, and Catwoman), only Riddler never entered the Batcave. However in the movie Return to the Batcave: The Misadventures of Adam and Burt, Riddler finally entered the Batcave.

[edit] Cast

[edit] Regular cast

• Adam West - Batman/Bruce Wayne - A caped crusader whose parents were murdered when he was a child.
• Burt Ward - Robin/Dick Grayson - Batman's faithful partner and "boy wonder".
• Alan Napier - Alfred - Batman's loyal butler.
• Neil Hamilton - Commissioner James Worthington Gordon - Gotham City Commissioner of Police.
• Stafford Repp - Chief Miles O'Hara - Gotham City Chief of Police.
• Madge Blake - Aunt Harriet Cooper - Dick Grayson's maternal aunt.
• Yvonne Craig - Batgirl/Barbara Gordon - Commissioner Gordon's daughter and Batman's partner (Season 3).
• Byron Keith - Mayor John Linseed - Mayor of Gotham City (recurring).
• William Dozier - Desmond Doomsday the Narrator

Neil Hamilton and Yvonne Craig, Commissioner Gordon and his daughter Barbara in the series, had previously played father and daughter in an episode of Perry Mason.

Several cast members recorded records tied in to the series. Adam West released a single titled "Miranda", a country-tinged pop song that he actually performed in costume during live appearances in the 1960s. Frank Gorshin released a song titled "The Riddler" which was composed and arranged by Mel Tormé. The track captures Gorshin's insane portrayal perfectly. Burgess Meredith recorded a spoken word single called "The Escape" backed with "The Capture", which was The Penguin narrating his recent crime spree to a jazz beat.

[edit] Guest appearances

Main article: Batman (TV): Guest appearances and episodes

[edit] Parodies

[edit] Parodies in the series

• The television show was famous for parodying names of many famous celebrities of the day. Among the most notable were newscasters Walter Cronkite (known as "Walter Klondike" on Batman), and Chet Huntley (he's known as "Chet Chumley" on the show). Steve Allen played himself on the show, and was known as "Allen Stevens". J. Pauline Spaghetti (a woman who is almost tricked into giving up her fortune to the notorious European criminal "Sandman" - played by Michael Rennie) is a parody on J. Paul Getty owner of the Getty Oil Company and one of the richest men of the 1960s.

• Lee Meriwether plays Lisa Carson, a wealthy Gotham City socialite who is kidnapped by King Tut. Her father is John E. Carson - a parody on the legendary host of The Tonight Show, Johnny Carson.
• Gotham City's Mayor Linseed is a parody on John Lindsay, who served as Mayor of New York City from 1966 to 1973.

• Commissioner Gordon would occasionally speak on the phone to the state's governor, Governor Stonefellow. This is a parody on Nelson Rockefeller, who served as governor of New York from 1959 to 1973.

• The Pentagon becomes "The Hexagon" in the Batman series.

• Catwoman is known to have an additional hideout, "Cat-Lair West", across the river from Gotham City in "New Guernsey" a parody on New Jersey (Guernsey and Jersey are both islands in the English Channel).

• In the Dr. Cassandra episode, the evil alchemist steals the Mope diamond (a parody on the famous Hope Diamond) from Spiffany's jewellers. Spiffany's is a parody on Tiffany & Co.

• One of Gotham College's basketball rivals is "Disko Tech" (a homophone of discotheque).

• The three-part Londinium episode during Batman's final season ("The Londinium Larcenies", "The Foggiest Notion", and "The Bloody Tower") was the series tribute to the Swinging London period of the 1960s. At the time of the show, everything British was "hot" in North America. Many aspects of London were parodied during the three episodes. The city's name is changed to Londinium, which was the British capital's name during Roman times. Scotland Yard becomes "Ireland Yard" in the series. Carnaby Street becomes "Barnaby Street". Fleet Street, the city's press district, is changed to "Bleet Street".

• Alan Hale Jr., who is famous for portraying Skipper on Gilligan's Island, appears as Gilligan, the owner/cook of a diner in "An Egg Grows in Gotham"/"The Yegg Foes in Gotham".

[edit] External links

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to:

Batman (TV series)

• Batmania UK :: 1966 Batman
• Batman (TV series) at the Internet Movie Database
• Batman (TV series) at TV.com
• Museum of Broadcast Communications
• The 1966 Batman TV Tribute Site
• The BatCave Fan Site
• The Bat Pages Note: this website contains the original screentests of Adam West, Burt Ward, and Lyle Waggoner.
• Batman: The Series @ Batman: Yesterday, Today, & Beyond
• Batman: The Movie @ Batman: Yesterday, Today, & Beyond
• BATMAN ON FILM
• Television Obscurities - Batgirl Promotional Short

[edit] References