Bareback riding
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Bareback riding is a form of horseback riding without a saddle. It requires skill, balance, and coordination, as the rider does not have any equipment to compensate for errors of balance or skill.
Proponents of bareback riding argue that riding in this fashion is natural, allows considerable communication with the horse, and improves a rider's balance. The drawbacks include a higher risk of injury due to an increased risk of falling off the horse, the potential to develop poor riding form, and the possibility of considerable discomfort to both horse and rider due to the absence of a supporting tree and any padding between the rider's seat bones and the horse's spine. Over time, it is more fatiguing to both horse and rider to ride bareback.
However, in certain situations, bareback riding is particularly suitable. Many riders will ride bareback for a short ride in order to save time in a busy day. It is also common for a rider who will take a horse in only one direction and walk back on foot, such as when moving an animal from one pasture to another, to ride the horse in only a bridle in order to not carry much equipment when returning. In other cases, for example, if a horse is to be allowed to swim in a river, lake or ocean, it is practical to leave expensive leather horse tack off to avoid equipment damage. It is also common for riders in extreme cold weather to ride bareback for short pleasure rides in situations where heavy winter clothing makes it hazardous to ride with a saddle due to the difficulty of sitting correctly in a saddle while wearing thick insulated clothing or the potential of a large snow boot hanging in a stirrup.
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[edit] Rider position
When riding bareback, riders sit a bit more forward on the horse than they would in a saddle. They have to rest their legs more forward, along the crease between the barrel and the shoulder muscles in order to have a secure position without excessive gripping. As a rule, to make proper use of the rider's calf muscles, bareback riders need to keep their heels lower than their toes, riding with a flexed ankle, just as if they had stirrups. Hands need to hold the reins quietly, in a position similar to how they would be carried if a rider was using a saddle.
It is particularly important that riders do not squeeze their heels or lower legs into the horse's sides when slowing or stopping, or use the reins as a brace at any time, as these errors will send the horse confusing, contradictory signals. If riders lose their balance, it is common to grab the mane in order to prevent jerking the horse in the mouth with the reins of the bridle, though ideally a rider can maintain proper balance by correct placement and use of their thigh and upper calf muscles.
Though some people begin riding bareback before they learn with a saddle, it is usually recommended to first learn in a saddle without stirrups, as the rider is still helped in obtraining correct position by the pommel and cantle, but is not able to use the stirrups as a crutch for poor balance or position. It is also easier on the horse's back to have the support of a saddle to cushion the action of an unbalanced rider.
[edit] Rodeo
There is also bareback bronc riding in the sport of rodeo. Bareback bronc riding is one of the most physically demanding events in rodeo, with a high injury rate. Cowboys ride the bucking horse one-handed and cannot touch or hang onto anything with their free hand. They use a leather rigging that includes a handle that resembles that of a suitcase, where riders placee their hand. To make the event more difficult for the rider, they are required to lean back and spur in a highly stylistic manner that was never historically used in actual practice. The cowboy's spurs have to be above the point of the horse's shoulders at the first jump out of the chute and touch the horse on every jump for the full time required for a qualifying ride. They have to stay on the horse and ride with proper technique for 8 seconds in order for the ride to be judged and scored. Once the ride is complete the rider may hold onto the rigging with both hands until he (or occasionally she) is reached by the pick-up riders, who assist the rider in getting off the still-moving horse and safely on the ground. Cowboys are judged on their control and spurring technique, and the horse is judged on their power, speed, and agility. These two scores are added together to make the total, with the highest possible score being 100 points.[1]
