Barakar River
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| Barakar River | |
|---|---|
| Country | India |
| States | Jharkhand, West Bengal |
| Landmarks | Tilaya Dam, Maithon Dam |
| Length | 225 km (140 mi) |
| Discharge at | Damodar River |
| Source | Padma, Hazaribagh |
| Major tributaries | |
| - left | Usri River |
| - right | Barsoti River |
The Barakar River (Bengali: বরাকর নদী) is the main tributary of Damodar River in eastern India. Originating near Padma in Hazaribagh district of Jharkhand it flows for 225 km across the northern part of the Chota Nagpur plateau, mostly in a west to east direction, before joining the Damodar near Dishergarh in Bardhaman district of West Bengal. It has a catchment area of 6159 sq km. The main tributaries, Barsoti and Usri, flow in from the south and north respectively. Apart from the two main tributaries some fifteen medium/small streams join it.[1]
The Barakar skirts the northern portion of Parashanth Hill, (1350 m/4470 ft), the highest hill in the region, located in Giridih district of Jharkhand and a centre of Jain pilgrimage.
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[edit] Fury of the river
The river flows in all fury during the rains in its upper reaches and has washed away two bridges constructed successively on the Grand Trunk Road. The great stone bridge across the river near Barhi, in Hazaribagh district, built around 1848, was washed away in 1913, after a fall of 10 inches (250 mm) of rain in 24 hours. The narrow iron bridge, which was built to replace it, withstood the strains of troop movement during the Second World War, but gave way in 1946, with another great flood.[2] A new bridge built in the fifties has withstood the fury of the river.
There is another bridge on the Grand Trunk Road, across the Barakar, connecting Barakar, a small town bearing the same name in Bardhaman district of West Bengal with Chirkunda in Jharkhand. With heavy traffic in the heart of the coal belt, the bridge built in the mid 19th century is in need of repairs. A new bridge has been built, to the north, on the bypass running from Kalipahari, before entering Asansol to Nirsa in Dhanbad district.
The huge volume of monsoon water was carried down the valley and used to create havoc with floods in the lower Damodar basin. Annual rainfall over the basin varies between 765 and 1607 mm with an average of 1200 mm of which 80% occurs during the monsoon season from June to September.[3] In order to harness the river (along with the Damodar), the Damodar Valley Corporation planned and implemented independent India’s first multipurpose river valley project.[4] The first dam of the project was constructed across the Barakar at Tilayia.
[edit] Dams and power stations
[edit] Tilayia
DVC’s first dam was across the Barakar at Tilayia, in Hazaribagh district of Bihar, now in Jharkhand. It was inaugurated on 21 February 1953. The dam is 366 meters long and is 30.18 meters high from the river bed level. Tilaiya hydel power station is located on the left bank of the river Barakar. The structure is entirely of reinforced concrete. It has two generating units of 2 MW each with a provision for a third future unit of the same capacity.[4]
[edit] Maithon
DVC’s second dam was across the Konar River, a tributary of the Damodar, in Hazaribagh district, and the third was across the Barakar at Maithon in Dhanbad district of Bihar, now Jharkhand. The river forms the boundary between West Bengal and Jharkhand in that area. The dam was inaugurated on 27 September 1957. The dam (both concrete and earthen) is 4860 meters long and the concrete dam is 43.89 meters high above the river bed level. The unique feature of Maithon is that the hydel power station is located underground in the left bank of the river (on the West Bengal side) and is the first of its kind in India. The Power Station has a total generating capacity of 60 MW with three units of 20 MW each. About 13 km downstream from Maithon, the Barakar joins the Damodar.[4]
Maithon Dam is 48 km from Dhanbad and around 25 km from Asansol. Other towns such as Salanpur, Chittaranjan and Kulti lie still nearer. It receives a steady and daily stream of tourists.
In order to augment the meagre hydroelectric power generation DVC has gone in for both gas turbine and thermal power generation. While most of its facilities for such generation lie in the Damodar region, Maithon in the Barakar regions is a major focal point. Maithon Gas Turbine Station was commissioned at Maithon in 1989. The station has an installed capacity of 82.5 MW with three units each of 27.5 MW capacity.[4]
The 2 X 500 MW Maithon Right Bank thermal power station is under implementation. It is a joint venture of Tata Power and DVC. A 2 X 500 MW greenfield thermal power station has been proposed for Koderma.[4][5]
[edit] Proposed dam at Balpahari
DVC is working on the proposal for a third dam across the Barakar at Balpahari in Jharkhand. Planned as part of its network of dams and barrages in the valley region, the Balpahari project was conceived with the objective of reducing siltation problems at Maithon, increasing the reach of canal irrigation and adding to hydro-electric generation capacity by 20 MW from the existing 144 MW.[6]
[edit] Soil conservation
After the construction of the four dams at Tilayia, Konar, Maithon and Panchet by DVC, it was observed that the rate of silt inflow into the reservoirs were much higher than what was anticipated earlier. It threatened the longevity of the reservoirs. The catchment area of these reservoirs spread over the undulating terrain of the Chota Nagpur plateau is seriously affected by soil erosion. Large volume of silt in the form of coarse and fine sediment is removed from the area by erosion under the impact of the water flow caused by torrential rain, which runs down the numerous stream channels during the monsoon. Thus the problem of reservoir siltation assumed great importance in the case of DVC. In order to prolong the life of the reservoirs, there was need for soil conservation and silt control. DVC set up a Soil Conservation Department at Hazaribagh to tackle the twin problems of reservoir siltation and soil deterioration in 1949.[7]
[edit] Fisheries
The reservoirs at Tilaiya and Maithon, provided scope for development of fisheries. Efforts were made to introduce carps once the water accumulated behind the dams but the results have not been commensurate with the efforts, largely due to the formidable presence of predatory catfish W. attu and other predators such as Notopterus chitala and Barilius bola at Tilaiya, and catfishes Wallago attu and Aorichthys aor, at Maithon. These predators take a heavy toll of the stocked carps Trash and uneconomic fishes form dense population at Tilaiya reservoir, competing with major carps for food. Composition of catch at both the places is: catla, mrigala, rohita and calbasu.[8]
[edit] References
- ^ Chattopadhyay, Akkori, Bardhaman Jelar Itihas O Lok Sanskriti (History and Folk lore of Bardhaman District.), (Bengali), Vol I, p 26, Radical Impression. ISBN 81-85459-36-3
- ^ Houlton, Sir John, Bihar the Heart of India, 1949, p117, Orient Longmans Ltd.
- ^ Damodar Valley. Ministry of Environments and Forests. Retrieved on 2007-02-14.
- ^ a b c d e Damodar Valley Corporation. Damodar Valley Corporation. Retrieved on 2007-02-14.
- ^ Tata Power. "Tata Power signs generation pact with DVC on Maithon project". Press release. Retrieved on 2007-02-14.
- ^ Bose, Pratim Ranjan. "Damodar Valley to undertake dam project in Jharkhand", Business, The Hindu Business Line, 26 May 2005. Retrieved on 2007-02-14.
- ^ Soil Conservation. Damodar Valley Corporation. Retrieved on 2007-02-14.
- ^ Fisheries. Retrieved on 2007-02-14.
[edit] See also
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