BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir London
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| BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir | |
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| Name: | BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir |
| Creator: | Pramukh Swami Maharaj / BAPS |
| Primary deity: | Bhagwan Swaminarayan |
| Architecture: | North Indian |
| Location: | London Borough of Brent in north-west London |
BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir London was inaugurated on August 20, 1995 by his holiness Pramukh Swami Maharaj. BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, Neasden (also commonly know as Neasden Temple) is a Hindu temple in the London Borough of Brent in north-west London. Built entirely using traditional methods and materials, Neasden’s Swaminarayan Mandir is Britain’s first authentic Hindu temple[1]. It was Europe’s first traditional Hindu temple, as distinct from converted secular buildings. It is a part of the Bochasanwasi Shri Akshar Purushottam Swaminarayan Sanstha (BAPS) organization
The Mandir was cited in Guinness World Records 2000[2], as follows:
"Biggest Hindu Temple outside India: The Shri Swaminarayan Temple in Neasden, London, UK, is the largest Hindu temple outside India. It was built by His Holiness Pramukh Swami Maharaj, a 79-year-old Indian sadhu (holy man), and is made of 2,828 tonnes of Bulgarian limestone and 2,000 tonnes of Italian marble, which was first shipped to India to be carved by a team of 1,526 sculptors. The temple cost £12 million to build."
Angkor Wat in Cambodia is larger, but is no longer used as a Hindu temple.
The Mandir was built and funded entirely by the Hindu Community and the entire project spanned 5 years although the Mandir construction itself was completed in two and a half years. Building work began in August 1992. The first stone was laid in June 1993; two years later, the building was complete.[3]
The Neasden Temple complex consists of:
- A traditional Hindu temple (mandir), constructed mainly from hand carved Italian Carrara marble and Bulgarian limestone. The temple is the focal point of the complex
- A permanent exhibition entitled ‘Understanding Hinduism’
- A cultural centre, known as the Haveli, designed in traditional Gujarati style housing an assembly hall, gymnasium, bookshop, and offices
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[edit] The Mandir
The Mandir is the focal point of the complex. Designed according to the Shilpa-Shastras,[4] a Vedic text that develops Hindu architecture to represent metaphorically, the different attributes of God, it is constructed almost entirely from Indian marble, Italian marble, Sardinian granite and Bulgarian limestone. On 24 November, the temple recorded the biggest-ever concrete-pour in the UK, when 4,500 tons was put down in 24 hours to create a foundation mat 6ft (1.8m) thick.
From the design concept and vision of His Holiness Pramukh Swami Maharaj, the architect C. B. Sompura and his team created the mandir entirely from stone. It is a shikharbaddha or pinnacled mandir: seven tiered pinnacles topped by golden spires crowd the roofline, complemented by five ribbed domes. Inside, serpentine ribbons of stone link the columns into arches, creating a sense of levitation.[5]
Light cream Vartza limestone from Bulgaria was chosen for the exterior, and for the interior, Italian Carrara marble, supplemented by a certain amount of Indian Ambaji marble.[6] The Bulgarian and Italian stone were shipped to the port of Kandla in Gujarat. It was there that most of the carving was eventually completed, by 1,500 craftsmen in a workshop specially set up for the occasion.[7] There were 26,300 individually numbered stones, which were shipped back to London,[8] and the building was assembled like a giant three-dimensional jigsaw.
The Mandir facility contains no iron or steel, a unique feature for a modern building in the UK. A feature the temple is noted for is its profusely carved cantilevered dome, believed to be the only one in Britain that does not use steel or lead. The Mandir was inaugurated on 20 August 1995 by Pramukh Swami Maharaj[9], the spiritual leader of BAPS – the organisation behind the temple.
The Shri Swaminarayan Mandir complex represents an act of faith and collective effort. Inspired by Pramukh Swami Maharaj, more that 1000 volunteers worked on the building, and many more contributed and solicited donations, or organised sponsored walks and other activities; children raised money by collecting aluminium cans and foil from recycling.[10]
The Mandir serves as the centre of worship. Directly beneath each of the seven pinnacles seen from the outside is a shrine. Each of these seven shrines houses murtis (images) within altars. Each murti is revered like God in person and therefore each deity is bathed, clothed, fed, and attended to each day by the sadhus (monks) who live in the temple.
Beneath the Mandir, is the permanent exhibition ‘Understanding Hinduism’. Spread over 3,000 square feet (300m²), the exhibition details the origin, beliefs, glory and contribution of Hindu seers and scholars in the fields of mathematics, astronomy, medicine, education, and religion. The messages and information are presented through visual effects, paintings, tableaux, traditional craftwork, and miniature 3-D dioramas.
[edit] The Haveli
Adjoining the Mandir is BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Haveli, a cultural complex. Whereas the mandir is carved from stone, the haveli uses wood: English Oak and Burmese Teak have been fashioned into panels, arches and screens, all carved by craftsmen in India with a cornucopia of geometric patterns, stylised animal heads and flower garlands. 2,300 English Oak saplings were planted in Devon and India to compensate for the 226 used, and used Burmese teak harvested from sustainable forests. Other environmental features such as light-wells are also in use.[11] [12]
Richly carved haveli (courtyard house)-style woodwork from Gujarat is the most striking characteristic of the cultural complex[13]. It has been designed according to traditional Indian Haveli architecture – an architectural style fashioned from wood, involving intricate carving. The building was designed to evoke feelings of being in Gujarat, India, where such architecture is commonplace. It required over 150 craftsmen from all over India 3 years to carve 17,000 square feet (1,600m²) of wood. Behind the traditional wooden facade, the cultural centre houses a vast pillarless prayer hall with space for 3,000 people, a gymnasium, medical centre, dining facilities, bookstall, conference facilities and offices.
[edit] History
- June 1970 – The first BAPS Swaminarayan Mandir in the UK was opened in a converted disused church in Islington, North London by Yogiji Maharaj[14]
- 1982 – Having outgrown the temple, the congregation sold the Islington temple and moved to a small ex-warehouse in Neasden
- 1990 – The congregation was again in search of a building that could cope with the growing congregation, and plans for the present temple were made
- 1995 – They moved to their present temple, built on the site of a disused truck warehouse opposite the previous temple. The old temple building was retained and converted into Shayona – an Indian grocery shop and vegetarian restaurant
[edit] Akshar IT Centre
Adjacent to Shayona is the Akshar IT Centre, an adult learning centre that is open to the public and provides IT courses.
[edit] The Swaminarayan School
On the opposite side of the Mandir is The Swaminarayan School, Europe’s first independent Hindu school. Opened in 1991 by Pramukh Swami Maharaj, it follows the National Curriculum whilst promoting aspects of Hindu culture such as dance, music and language.
The 2007 GCSE results placed the school amongst the top ten independent schools in the country.[15][16]
[edit] Daily rituals
The murti of Shri Swaminarayan is housed in the central shrine, flanked by Shri Gunatitanand Swami and Shri Gopalanand Swami[17].
In the morning before sunrise, the murtis that are adorned in their night attire are woken by the sadhus and the shrine doors are opened for the Mangala Arti, which is the first of five ‘aarti’ prayers during that day. Arti is a ritual wherein a specific prayer is recited to a poetic format with music while the sadhus wave a lighted lamp in front of the murti to give devotees better darshan (view) of God’s image. The sadhus recite a few shlokas (prayers), serve the deities, offer them food and bathe them, and close the shrine doors.
The shrines remain open from 9am to approximately 11am when the shrines are closed and offered thal [food for lunch].
At 11.45am, the shrines are opened for the midday arti (Rajbhog Arti) and the reciting of the thal [offering hymn] and an offering of paan [triangular folded leaves containing a mixture of seeds] is made to God. The shrines are closed after this to allow the deities to rest during the afternoon.
The shrines re-open at around 4pm until 6pm for darshan, and are then closed again until the Sandhya [sunset] Arti which follows at 7pm. After this, for approximately one hour, the shrines are closed so they can be offered their final meal by the sadhus [monks]. Following this, a selection of prayers are recited by the devotees including dhun (a repetitive chant where the names of God are chanted and verses of praise are sung). The shrines are then closed and the deities are prepared for the night and adorned in their evening attire by the sadhus.
The shrines are opened a final time for the Shayan Arti, with the lights dimmed and music lowered. The devotees recite a few hymns, gently sending the deities to sleep, before the shrines are finally closed for the night.
[edit] Awards & Recognition
Pride of Place Award[18]
The Mandir was awarded the ‘UK Pride of Place’ award in December 2007 by Government authorities after a nationwide online poll. After weeks of voting, the Mandir registered the largest number of votes across the country as well as in London, with an overwhelming 81% of votes from the London Borough of Brent.
Safeway Magazine
The October 2003 issue of the Safeway magazine, highlights the mandir in its write-up, "A spicy feast for the Festival of Light". It remarks, "Celebrating Diwali in grand style at the Shri Swaminarayan Mandir Hindu Temple in North London, where over 1,000 vegetarian dishes are offered to the Gods, and prayers are said for world peace and prosperity." It has also included photographs of Neasden Temple with the splendour of its lights and fireworks in the backdrop, with the sacred murtis of Ghanshyam Maharaj and of the Central Shrine.
In 2000, Guinness World Records presented two certificates to recognise the world record of offering 1247 vegetarian dishes during the Annakut Festival held at the Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, London on 27 October 2000 and to recognise the largest traditionally built Hindu temple outside India.
Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England
In the 1997/8 Annual Report of the Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England, the Mandir is featured, and is referred to as a "modern building of major importance in our multicultural society."[19]
The Eventful 20th Century – 70 Wonders of the Modern World
This prestigious Reader’s Digest publication (1998) prominently mentions the Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, London, lauding its scale, intricate detail and the extraordinary story of how it was built and inspired by Pramukh Swami Maharaj.
Guinness World Records
The Mandir was mentioned in the 1998 edition of the Guinness Book of Records in the Religious Architecture section, as the "Largest Hindu Temple outside India"[20].
Most Enterprising Building Award
The Most Enterprising Building Award, 1996 was awarded by the Royal Fine Art Commission & British Sky Broadcasting for the Swaminarayan Mandir in London on 5 June 1996
Natural Stone Award The Stone Federation issued a special award to the Swaminarayan Hindu Mandir in 1995 as part of its Natural Stone Awards.[21]
Seven wonders of London
Time Out, the highly respected international city-guide publishers, declared the Mandir as one of the "Seven Wonders of London"[22]. In an "epic series… to pay tribute to… the capital’s seven most iconic buildings and landmarks", they embarked upon an ambitious search of London’s best. The Mandir featured among the choice seven.
[edit] External links
[edit] References
- ^ Spirit of suburbia by Adam Hardy in Perspectives on Architecture – November 1995 Issue 19, Vol. 2 – p. 42 to p. 47
- ^ “Biggest Hindu Temple Outside India” – http://www.mandir.org/awards&opinions/Buildings%20and%20structures.htm
- ^ The Eventful 20th Century – 70 Wonders of the Modern World by The Reader’s Digest Association Limited – p. 124 to p. 125
- ^ Hindu Temple (Shri Swaminarayan Mandir) - Places to Go in London - Visit London
- ^ The Eventful 20th Century – 70 Wonders of the Modern World by The Reader’s Digest Association Limited – p. 124 to p. 125
- ^ Spirit of suburbia by Adam Hardy in Perspectives on Architecture – November 1995 Issue 19, Vol. 2 – p. 42 to p. 47
- ^ Spirit of suburbia by Adam Hardy in Perspectives on Architecture – November 1995 Issue 19, Vol. 2 – p. 42 to p. 47
- ^ Reader’s Digest – November 1996 edition – Neasden’s Eighth Wonder of the World – Ian Pindar
- ^ http://www.brent.gov.uk/www.nsf/cec5ecb9a15f613c80256d04004b20c5/93899b539ecbe901802573a90060853d!OpenDocument
- ^ Eventful 20th Century – 70 Wonders of the Modern World by The Reader’s Digest Association Limited – p. 124 to p. 125
- ^ The Eventful 20th Century – 70 Wonders of the Modern World by The Reader’s Digest Association Limited – p. 124 to p. 125
- ^ BBC - h2g2 - Shri Swaminarayan Mandir and Haveli, Neasden, London, UK - A458976
- ^ Spirit of suburbia by Adam Hardy in Perspectives on Architecture – November 1995 Issue 19, Vol. 2 – p. 42 to p. 47
- ^ Encyclopedia Britannica – Book of the year 1971
- ^ UK top 10 schools across the sectors - Telegraph
- ^ The Swaminarayan School - Home
- ^ Spirit of suburbia by Adam Hardy in Perspectives on Architecture – November 1995 Issue 19, Vol. 2 – p. 42 to p. 47
- ^ BBC NEWS | England | London | Temple wins national pride poll
- ^ Page 22, Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England Annual Report 1997/1998
- ^ Guinness Book of Records, 1998 edition, page 172 in the Religious Architecture section
- ^ The Natural Stone Awards 1995 –p.18 & p. 19; see also http://www.mandir.org/awards&opinions/index.htm
- ^ Visit the BAPS Shri Swaninarayan Hindu Mandir - Neasden's Famous Temple with Time Out London
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