Bank card number
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The numbers found on credit cards have a certain amount of internal structure, and share a common numbering scheme. Credit card numbers are a special case of ISO 7812 numbers.
An ISO 7812 contains a single-digit major industry identifier (MII), a six-digit issuer identifier number (IIN), an account number, and a single digit checksum using the Luhn algorithm.
The major industry identifier is considered to be part of the issuer identifier number.
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[edit] Prefixes
The card number's prefix is the sequence of digits at the beginning of the number that determine the credit card network to which the number belongs. The first 6 digits of the credit card number are known as the Bank Identification Number (BIN). These identify the institution that issued the card to the card holder. The rest of the number is allocated by the issuer. The card number's length is its number of digits.
Cards participating in the BIN system include:
In the United States, BINs are used in NCPDP pharmacy claims to identify processors, and are printed on all pharmacy insurance cards. BINs are the primary routing mechanism for realtime claims. Each processor has one or more BINs, which it divides into plans by using Group Number and Processor Control Number fields.
Online merchants may use BIN lookups to help validate transactions. For example, if the credit card's BIN indicates a bank in one country, while the customer's billing address is in another, the transaction may call for extra scrutiny.
The term "Issuer Identification Number" (IIN) is replacing "Bank Identification Number". See ISO 7812 for more information.
The prefixes and lengths for the most common card types are:
| Card Type | Prefix(es) | Active | Length | Validation | Symbol for coverage chart |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| American Express | 34, 37[1] | Yes | 15[2] | Luhn algorithm | AmEx |
| Bankcard[3] | 5610, 560221-560225 | No | 16 | Luhn algorithm | BC |
| China Union Pay | 622 (622126-622925) | Yes | 16,17,18,19 | unknown | CUP |
| Diners Club Carte Blanche | 300-305 | Yes | 14 | Luhn algorithm | DC-CB |
| Diners Club enRoute | 2014, 2149 | No | 15 | no validation | DC-eR |
| Diners Club International[4] | 36 | Yes | 14 | Luhn algorithm | DC-Int |
| Diners Club US & Canada[5] | 55 | Yes | 16 | Luhn algorithm | DC-UC |
| Discover Card[6] | 6011, 65 | Yes | 16 | Luhn algorithm | Disc |
| JCB[citation needed] | 35 | Yes | 16 | Luhn algorithm | JCB |
| JCB[citation needed] | 1800,2131 | Yes | 15 | Luhn algorithm | JCB |
| Laser (debit card)[citation needed] | 6304, 6706, 6771, 6709 | Yes | 16-19 | Luhn algorithm / unknown? | Lasr |
| Maestro (debit card) | 5020,5038,6304,6759,6761 | Yes | 16,18 | Luhn algorithm | Maes |
| MasterCard | 51-55 | Yes | 16 | Luhn algorithm | MC |
| Solo (debit card) | 6334 | Yes | 16,18,19 | Luhn algorithm | Solo |
| Switch (debit card) | 4903,4905,4911,4936,564182,633110,6333,6759 | Yes | 16,18,19 | Luhn algorithm | Swch |
| Visa | 4[1] | Yes | 13,16[7] | Luhn algorithm | Visa |
| Visa Electron | 417500,4917,4913,4508,4844 | Yes | 16 | Luhn algorithm | Visa |
On November 8, 2004, MasterCard and Diner's Club formed an alliance. Cards issued in Canada and the USA start with 54 or 55 and are treated as MasterCards worldwide. International cards use the 36 prefix and are treated as MasterCards in Canada and the US, but are treated as Diner's Club cards elsewhere. Diner's Club International's website makes no reference to old 38 prefix numbers, and they can be presumed reissued under the 55 or 36 BIN prefix.
Effective October 1, 2006, Discover will now be using the entire 65 prefix, not just 650. Also, similar to the MasterCard/Diner's agreement, China Union Pay cards are now treated as Discover cards and accepted on the Discover network.
A search on VISA's website results in many references to card numbers being 16 digits long. However, searching for references to 13-digit cards will turn up no results. It might be presumed that 13-digit cards no longer exist and have been reissued as 16-digit cards. However old accounts may still use these numbers.
Switch will continue to exist until mid 2007, after that it will be branded as Maestro. Maestro is now VISA Electron's main competitor in the European debit card market.
Solo can be used outside of Britain if the card displays Maestro.
[edit] Coverage chart
| digits | 00- 17 | 1800 | 1801- 2013 | 2014 | 2015- 2130 | 2131 | 2132- 2148 | 2149 | 215- 299 | 300- 305 | 306- 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 4 | 50 | 51- 55 | 560000- 560220 | 560221- 560225 | 560226- 5609 | 5610 | 5611- 6010 | 6011 | 6012- 622125 | 622126- 622925 | 622926- 649 | 65 | 66- 9 |
| 13 | Visa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 14 | DC-CB | DC-Int | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 15 | JCB | DC-eR | JCB | DC-eR | AmEx | AmEx | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 16 | JCB | Visa | MC | BC | BC | Disc | CUP | Disc |
[edit] Other codes
The Card Security Code is typically the last three digits printed on the signature strip on the back of the card. In the case of American Express cards, it can be a four-digit number printed (but not embossed) on the front of the card.
[edit] See Also
[edit] References
- ^ a b Card Security Features. Retrieved on 2006-04-05.
- ^ American Express Fraud Prevention Handbook - Pg 13. Retrieved on 2006-04-05.
- ^ Bankcard Association of Australia. Retrieved on 2006-04-05.
- ^ MasterCard Diner's Club Alliance. Retrieved on 2006-04-05.
- ^ Diner's Club - Fraud Management. Retrieved on 2007-01-26.
- ^ Merchant Resources - Fraud Prevention - Card Present Transactions. Retrieved on 2006-04-05.
- ^ Cardholder Identification and Authentication. Retrieved on 2006-04-05.
