Bambusoideae

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Bamboos
Bamboo forest in Kyoto, Japan
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Liliopsida Order: Poales Family: Poaceae Subfamily: Bambusoideae
Genera
See text.

The Bambusoideae is a subfamily of the true grass family Poaceae, and is characterized by having 3 stigmas and are mostly tree-like ^[1]. However, there are uncertainties at practically every taxonomic level within the Bambusoideae, and different types of data (floral morphology, vegetative structures, anatomy, and genetics) often result in support for differing relationships. The Bambusoideae generally consists a distinct “core” group of genera, the woody bamboos (Bambuseae)and an associated a group of genera of questionable affinity, the herbaceous Bambusoideae. The bamusoid taxa have long been considered the most “primitive” grasses, mostly because of the presence of bracteate, indeterminate inflorescences, “pseudospikelets,” and flowers with three lodicules, six stamens, and three stigmas ^[2]. In a recent study Clark et al. (1995) analyzed DNA sequences for the chloroplast gene ndhF were analyzed to address phylogenetic relationships among the major lineages of the Poaceae. They found that two tribes of neotropical herbaceous bamboo tribes, the Streptochaeteae and Anomochloeae, are resolved as the most basal clade within the grass family, confirming the hypothesis that elements within the Bambusoideae sensu lato are basal within the Poaceae, and also showing that the Bambusoideae s.l. is polyphyletic ^[3]. A recent study which analyzed the phylogenetic relationships within the Bambusoideae using rp116 intron sequence data from chloroplast DNA was able to further resolve some of the uncertainties remaining in Clark et al.’s (1995) analysis. Kelchner and Clark’s (1997) analysis resolved a Bambusoideae clade with two monophyletic groups: the Bambuseae (woody bamboos) and the Olyreae/Parianeae (herbaceous bamboos) ^[4]. Within the Bambuseae two clades were recovered corresponding to temperate and tropical woody bamboos, and the tropical taxa were even further divided into New World and Old World clades. The distinct lineages produced strongly correspond with geographic divisions, with major clades representing the New World herbaceous species (Olyreae/Parianeae), New World tropical woody bamboos, Old World tropical woody bamboos, and North temperate woody bamboos (all Bambuseae). See Bamboo species.

[edit] Subdivisions

It is divided into two groups: the Oryzodae and the Bambusodae. It has 13 tribes, as following:

• Oryzodae

  This group is also separated into subfamily Oryzaceae.

  • Tribe Anomochloeae

    This tribe is also separated to form subfamily Anomochlooideae. There is one genus: Anomochloa.

  • Tribe Diarrheneae

    There is one genus: Diarrhena.

  • Tribe Ehrharteae

    There are four genera: Ehrharta, Microlaena, Petriella, Tetrarrhena.

  • Tribe Olyreae

    There are 20 genera: Agnesia, Arberella, Buergersiochloa, Cryptochloa, Diandrolyra, Ekmanochloa, Froesiochloa, Lithachne (also placed in Oryzeae), Maclurolyra, Mniochloa, Olyra (plant), Pariana, Parodiolyra, Piresia, Piresiella, Raddia, Raddiella, Rehia, Reitzia, Sucrea.

  • Tribe Oryzeae

    This tribe also forms subfamily Oryzoideae. It has 13 genera: Chikusichloa, Hydrochloa, Hygroryza, Leersia, Luziola, Maltebrunia, Oryza, Porteresia, Potamophila, Prosphytochloa, Rhynchoryza, Zizania, Zizaniopsis.

  • Tribe Phaenospermatae

    There is 1 genus in this tribe: Phaenosperma.

  • Tribe Phareae

    There are 4 genera: Leptaspis, Pharus, Scrotochloa, Suddia.

  • Tribe Phyllorhachideae

    This tribe has 2 genera: Humbertochloa, Phyllorhachis.

  • Tribe Streptochaeteae

    There is one genus: Streptochaeta.

  • Tribe Streptogyneae

    This tribe only has one genus: Streptogyna.

• Bambosodae
  • Tribe Bambuseae

    This tribe comprises woody bamboos (or hardy bamboos). There are 91 genera, distributed into several subtribes:

    • Subtribe Arthrostylidiinae

      Comprises 13 genera: Actinocladum, Alvimia, Apoclada, Arthrostylidium, Athroostachys, Atractantha, Aulonemia (Matudacalamus), Colanthelia, Elytrostachys, Glaziophyton, Merostachys, Myriocladus, Rhipidocladum.

    • Subtribe Arundinariinae

      Comprises 16 genera: Acidosasa, Ampelocalamus, Arundinaria, Borinda, Chimonocalamus, Drepanostachyum (Himalayacalamus), Fargesia, Ferrocalamus, Gaoligongshania, Gelidocalamus, Indocalamus, Oligostachyum, Pseudosasa, Sasa, Thamnocalamus, Yushania.

    • Subtribe Bambusinae

      Comprises 10 genera: Bambusa (Dendrocalamopsis), Bonia (Monocladus), Dendrocalamus (Klemachloa, Oreobambos, Oxynanthera or Sinocalamus), Dinochloa, Gigantochloa, Holttumochloa, Kinabaluchloa (Maclurochloa, Soejatmia), Melocalamus, Sphaerobambos, Thyrsostachys.

    • Subtribe Chusqueinae

      Comprises 2 genera: Chusquea, Neurolepis.

    • Subtribe Guaduinae

      Comprises 5 genera: Criciuma, Eremocaulon, Guadua, Olmeca, Otatea.

    • Subtribe Melocanninae

      Comprises 9 genera: Cephalostachyum, Davidsea, Leptocanna, Melocanna, Neohouzeaua, Ochlandra, Pseudostachyum, Schizostachyum, Teinostachyum.

    • Subtribe Nastinae

      Comprises 6 genera: Decaryochloa, Greslania, Hickelia, Hitchcockella, Nastus, Perrierbambus.

    • Subtribe Racemobambodinae

      Comprises one genus: Racemobambos (Neomicrocalamus, Vietnamosasa)

    • Subtribe Shibataeinae

      Comprises 8 genera: Chimonobambusa, Indosasa, Phyllostachys, Qiongzhuea, Semiarundianria (Brachystachyum), Shibataea, Sinobambusa, Temburongia (incertae sedis).

  • Tribe Guaduelleae

    There is one genus: Guaduella.

  • Tribe Puelieae

    There is one genus: Puelia.

[edit] References

1. ^ Judd, WS, CS Campbell, EA Kellogg, PF Stevens, MJ Donoghue [eds.]. 2008. Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach, 296-301. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, Massachusetts USA.
2. ^ Clark, LG, W Zhang, JF Wendel. 1995. A Phylogeny of the Grass Family (Poaceae) Based on ndhF Sequence Data. Systematic Botany 20(4): 436-460.
3. ^ Clark, LG, W Zhang, JF Wendel. 1995. A Phylogeny of the Grass Family (Poaceae) Based on ndhF Sequence Data. Systematic Botany 20(4): 436-460.
4. ^ Kelchner, SA, LG Clark. 1997. Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetic Utility of the Chloroplast rpl16 Intron in Chusquea and the Bambusoideae (Poaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 8(3): 385-397.