Bagh (garden)
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Bāgh, which usually translates to "garden" is actually a more general concept. It refers to an enclosed area which permanent cultures (many types of trees and shrubs) as well flowers. It is common to near, middle and south eastern countries. It usually has Irano-Islamicate architectural elements.
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[edit] Etymology
Bāgh (Persian and Arabic: باغ) is a word common to both Persian [1] Arabic and Azarbaijani and means Garden and Orchard, specifically one containing fruit- and flower-bearing trees.[2] In Farsi, the plural of Bāgh is Bāgh-hā (باغها or باغ ها) and in Arabic, Bayghān (بيغان).
The Old Persian word Baga, or Bag, as in such word as Baghdād, means God [3][4] and should not be confused with Bāgh. Similarly for the Avestan word Bagh (note the difference between a and ā) and the Vedic Sanskrit word Bhag, both of which also mean God.[5]
The word Bāgh is encountered in both Pahlavi and Sogdian.[6] In Farizandi, Gilaki, Shahmirzadi and Sorkhei Bāk, and in Natanzi Bāg stand for Bāgh [7] (see Dialects of Central Iran).
The word Bāgh is often met in place-names in conjunction with a word in which the notion of garden is already implicit, such as Bāgh-e Ferdows, Bāgh-e Jannat and Bāgh-e Rezvān.[8]
Bāgh is also a constituent part of the place-name Karabagh (or Kārā-bāgh), which means Black Garden.
[edit] Elements of a Bāgh
| Part of a series on Horticulture and Gardening |
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| Gardening |
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Gardening • Garden • Botanical garden • Arboretum • Botany • Plant |
| Horticulture |
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Horticulture • Agriculture • Urban agriculture • City farm • Organic farming • Herb farm • Hobby farm • Intercropping • Farm |
| Customs |
| Plant protection |
The elements of a Bāgh consist of the following:[citation needed]
Natural conditions and materials:
Man-made elements:
- Paths
- Lighting
- Raised beds
- Pool
[edit] Important Bāghs
- Chahar Bagh
- Sikandar Bagh
- Hazuri Bagh
- Jallianwala Bagh
- Bagh-e Melli
- Ram Bagh
- Lal Bagh
- Bagh-e Ferdows
- Khusro Bagh
- Bagh-e Fin
- Bāgh-e Jinnah
[edit] Notes and references
- ^ W. Eilers; M. Bazin; W.L. Hanaway; N.H. Dupree. Bāḡ. Encyclopaedia Iranica. Retrieved on 2008-04-15.
- ^ Dehkhoda Dictionary (Loghat'nāmeh-ye Dehkhoda), Third Edition (Tehran University Press, 2006).
- ^ Baghdād can be interpreted as God-given. Here dā is the Old Persian word for Give.
- ^ Similarly, the place-name Bāku is considered to be an abbreviated form of the word Baghkuh, meaning Mount of God, or Mountain of God, where the Modern Persian word Kuh has its root in the Old Persian word Kaufa, Mountain.
- ^ Dehkhoda Dictionary, ibid.
- ^ Dehkhoda Dictionary, ibid.
- ^ Dehkhoda Dictionary, ibid.
- ^ Bāgh-e Rezvān is the name of a cemetery in Esfahan.
