Bălţi

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Bălţi
Location of Bălţi in Moldova
Location of Bălţi in Moldova
Coordinates: 47°46′N 27°55′W / 47.767, -27.917
Country Flag of Moldova Moldova
Municipality Bălţi
Communes Sadovoe, Elizaveta
Founded 1421
City rights 1818
Government
 - Type Municipal Council
 - Mayor Vasile Panciuc, since 2001
Area
 - City 78 km² (30.1 sq mi)
 - Urban 41.42 km² (16 sq mi)
Elevation 59 m (194 ft)
Population (2004)
 - City 127,600
 - Density 1,748/km² (4,527.3/sq mi)
 - Urban 122,700
Time zone EET (UTC+2)
 - Summer (DST) EEST (UTC+3)
Postal code MD-3100
Area code(s) +373 231 X-XX-XX
Licence plate BL XX 000
Website: www.balti.md

Bălţi, (pronounced [ˈbəltsʲ]), also spelled Beltsy (Russian: Бельцы, Ukrainian: Бєльці, Polish: Bielce) is a city in Moldova. It is the second largest in terms of area and economic importance (after Chişinău), and the third largest city in terms of population (after Chişinău and Tiraspol). It is one of the five Moldovan localities having the status of municipalities. Bălţi, sometimes also called "the northern capital", is the major industrial, cultural, commercial centre and transportation hub in the north of the country. It is situated 127 km north of the capital Chişinău, and is located on the river Răut, a tributary of Dniester, on a hilly landscape in the Bălţi steppe.

Contents

[edit] Etymology and names of the Bălţi word

The word Bălţi (pl. of Moldavian sing. "baltă"[1], plural of the Russian "болото"[2]) is translated literally as "swamp, puddles, pools". It is considered that the city had been named thus because it was founded on a hill dominating the wetland formed where the creek Răuţel falls into the river Răut.

The spelling Бэлць (Belts) was used between 1940-1989 in Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet, and after 1989 is sometimes used in Russian.

[edit] Geography and territory

Vasile Alecsandri square in the city center
Vasile Alecsandri square in the city center

Bălţi is situated on the tops and slopes of hills, and partially in a small valley. The land in the north of Moldova is very fertile, mostly consisting of chernozem. Several extraction sites for raw materials used in the construction industry are also found in the vicinity of Bălţi[citation needed]. The creeks Răuţel, Copăceanca, and Flămândă cross the territory of the municipality, and flow into the river Răut. Also, several lakes are situated in Bălţi: City Lake, Komsolskoe Lake, Kirpichnoe Lake, Strâmba Lake. The all-time maximum temperature registered in the city was 38°C[citation needed], the all-time minimum -32°C. There are 350 to 450 mm of annual rainfall, mostly during summer and fall. Winds are generally from the north-east or the north-west at about 2-5 m/s[citation needed]. The city is situated in the 7th zone of seismic activity, with a well-felt earthquake (generally without any serious structural damage to the city's buildings) striking on average every 35 years[citation needed].

The city itself is located on portions of four hills. The river Răut separates one hill in NE, the inner slope of which is occupied by the neighborhood Slobozia. Its affluent Răuţel separates one hill in S, the inner slope of which is the Podul Chişinăului district, and in the valley ca. 1 km upstream - Bălţul Nou neighborhood. The central hill dominates the valleys of the creek and river, and contains the downtown area and the old town; its gentle eastern slope - the industrial area Molodova; the valleys - a canoe-kayak channel, Autogara/Avtovokzal, 9th district, the area of the former Bălţi concentration camp, and the Bălţi City Airport. The north-western and northern parts are located on the highest of the four hills, separated from the rest of the city by the railway lines. The inner slopes of this hill are occupied by Pământeni and 8th district, the hill top - by medical facilities, and the outer slope - by Dacia/BAM. The municipality covers an area of 78.0 km², of which the city proper 41.42 km², the village Elizaveta (an eastern suburb) 9.81 km², and the village Sadovoe (a north-western suburb) 26.77 km². Of these, an important portion (20.11 km²) is actually agricultural land.

The names of city neighborhoods reflect different historic influences: 19th century suburbs: Păminteni/Pomeneteny, Slobozia, Molodovo, Podul Chişinăului/Kishinevskiy Most; others are known by their Soviet-era names: 8th district, 9th district. A district in the northern part of the city is called Dacia, and is colloquially referred to as BAM, its previous name. A district in the southern part is called Bălţul Nou/Novye Beltsy, and one in the eastern part - Autogara/Avtovokzal.

[edit] History

Main article: History of Bălţi

[edit] Middle Ages

In 1421, the city was founded as a fair by Rimgaila of Masovia, a sister of Vytautas the Great of Lithuania and an ex-wife of the Moldavian Prince Alexandru I cel Bun [Alexander the Good]. At the time the territory belonged to the Dorohoi ţinut (land/county, later to Soroca county and, mostly, Iaşi county of the Principality of Moldova (Iaşi was the capital of the Principality from 1574 to 1859. A place of crossroads, Bălţi soon became well-known as a horse fair.

In 1469, a Crimean Tatar invasion led by the khan Meñli I Giray burned the place to the ground, before being defeated in the Battle of Lipnic, about 100 km north. Bălţi was very slowly rebuilt.

[edit] Eighteenth century

During this failed military campaign the main headquarters of the Russian and parts of the Moldavian armies were established at Bălţi, due to its crossroads location.

1766 The prince Alexandru Ghica, one of a few local (and non-Greek) princes of that time, divided the Bălţi estate into two parts, awarding one to the Saint Spiridon monastery of Iaşi, and the other to the merchant brothers Alexandru, Constantin and Iordache Panaiti. Over the next decades, the three boyar brothers improved the locality of the town.

The development of the town in the 18th century suffered also due to the fact that the country had to support the burdens of three invading armies, Ottoman, Russian, and Austrian[citation needed], which clashed in 4 wars of a total duration of 16 years, during which they performed extensive regular requisitions to supply their troops, and established separate administration.

[edit] Nineteenth century

The Treaty of Bucharest saw the Ottoman Empire ceding (without having such a legal right) to the Russian Empire the eastern half of Moldavia, including the town of Bălţi. Bălţi initially belonged to the Iaşi county. This, however, made Bălţi, with a population of 8,000, the administrative center of the county.

Bălţi received formal city rights in 1818. The Russian tsar Alexander I, while passing through Bălţi during a visit to his newly acquired province, received news that his nephew, the future tsar Alexander II of Russia, was born. Overjoyed, he granted Bălţi official city status.

1887 Iaşi county is renamed Bălţi county.

1889 The city becomes a railroad hub.

The ethnic composition of the city diversified with settlers arriving from Austrian Galicia, Ukraine and (fewer) from Russia proper, being offered land or seeking freedom of religion.[3]

A significant number of Jews (from Galicia, then in the Habsburg Empire) settled in Bălţi, and by the end of the century became first a plurality, then a majority.

[edit] Twentieth century

[edit] World War I period

The city hosted a County Congress of Farmers, the largest of the kind in Bessarabia, on December 1 [O.S. November 19] 1917, which sent representatives to Sfatul Ţării.[4][unreliable source?]

Two ad hoc groups of Russian army Cossack regiments were dislocated in the Bălţi county, and a 3,000-strong infantry detachment in Orhei, whose incompetent leadership resulted in extensive pillaging in Bălţi, Soroca and Orhei counties, with many dead, including several Bessarabian public personalities, which substantiated the outcry of the population[citation needed].[5][6][unreliable source?] The committees of the two regiments stationed in Bălţi county adopted resolutions which called for continuous sacking until the solders would be given discharge papers.[7][unreliable source?] In December 1917, when the Directorate General for Armed Forces of the Moldavian Democratic Republic was formed, one of its first units was in Bălţi, where the Druzhina (a popular militia unit) no. 478 of the Russian Empire, composed almost entirely of Moldavians, and led by captain Anatolie Popa, was nationalized. [8][unreliable source?] In March 1918, the Bălţi County Council, along with the ones of Soroca and Orhei, submitted resolutions to the Sfatul Ţării, asking it to consider union with Romania.[9][unreliable source?]

[edit] Inter-war period

In the first part of the 20th century the economy expanded, and the city started to diversify. Many buildings in the town/city date from the inter-war period.

1920s The seat of the Bishopric is moved from Hotin to Bălţi, and the Bishopric Palace is built (finished in 1933), with the effort of Visarion Puiu.

1920s The Saint Constantine and Elena Cathedral is built throughout (finished in 1932, officially inaugurated 1933, in the presence of the royal family)

1940 The city reaches close to 40,000 inhabitants. Ca. 45% were Jews, 30% Moldovans, and the rest were Ukrainians, Russians, Poles, Armenians.

[edit] World War II period

After the Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina, a part of the city population was deported to Siberia (the largest deportation occurred on 12-13 June 1941, as well as the smaller ones, used the Bălţi Slobozia Railway Station as one of the major departing point for the cattle car trains with people deported from northern MSSR)[10][unreliable source?].

In June 22 - July 26, 1941, the Romanian Army participated in the Axis offensive against the Red Army dislocated in Bessarabia, in the so-called Operation Munich, capturing Bălţi by July 1941.

Reinhard Heydrich, the chief of the German Reich Security Main Office (German: Reichssicherheitshauptamt), flew several fighter missions in his private modified Me109 from the Bălţi-City Airport in July 1941. Heydrich was shot down by Soviet anti-air fire over Ukraine, and barely escaped capture after having to swim for his life.

Upon the Axis capture of the city, a 20-strong unit of the German SS Einsatzkommando D proceeded to murder ca. 200 Jews of the city over three days. The majority of the 15,000 Jewish population of the city managed to escape in the previous two weeks. The Soviet authorities organized their evacuation by railway, in cattle cars, to Central Asia, mostly to Uzbekistan. Although the majority have survived and returned to the city after the war, their life as refugees and on the road was highly subhuman[citation needed], due to quasi-absence of regular supplies, normal housing, or useful employment opportunities[citation needed]. In August 1941, there were 1,300 Jews left in the city, and the pro-fascist government of Ion Antonescu has decided to deport them. In September 1941, they, together with other Jews from the county, were gathered in two created ghettos, in Răuţel and Alexăndreni, size ca. 3,500 each. In ca. 10 days, the ghettos were dissolved, and the Jews hastily moved, mostly during the night, to a concentration camp in Mărculeşi, size ca. 11,000. After two more weeks, this was also abolished, and the Jews were deported to occupied Transnistria.

On February 27 - March 2, 1944, the Soviet army recaptured the city from the Axis, and eventually reclaimed the territory for the Soviet Union. In the summer of 1944, the Soviets have created two camps in the city[citation needed]: a small POW camp within the present location of the military base, and a large concentration camp at the SE outskirts of the city, by fencing out several blocks of one-story houses, the Bălţi concentration camp. It contained up to 45,000 prisoners[citation needed] at a time, most of which were POWs, while others were arrested locals of military age who were discharged, due to light injuries[citation needed], from the Romanian Army after fighting from several weeks to several months against Nazi Germany. In total, ca. 55,000[citation needed] people have passed through this camp, of them ca. 45,000 Romanians (up to half of which were locals[citation needed]), ca. 5,000 Germans, ca. 3,000 Italians, ca. 2,000 Hungarians, Poles and Czechs.

1944 Fearing the repeat of the 1940-1941 political persecutions[citation needed] and deportations, thousands of people, including many intellectuals, flee to Romania. Like the other localities of Moldova, the city has largely lost its pre-World War II intelligentsia to fleeing from persecution.

[edit] Post-World War II period

In 1944, with the return of the Soviet authorities, the policy of political and class persecution resumed. The largest of post-war deportations occurred on 5-6 July 1949, and included also 185[citation needed] families from the city of Bălţi, and 161 families from the then suburbs.[11][unreliable source?] (The population of the city at the time was ca. 30,000.) Numerous people, especially youth, were also enrolled in labor camps throughout the Soviet Union.

An anti-Soviet armed resistance group was active in the city during the Stalinist era. "Sabia Dreptăţii" ["The Sword of Justice"] was discovered by the NKVD in 1947, based at the Pedagogical Lycée (former Ion Creangă Lycée) in Bălţi.[12]

During the 1940s and early 1950s, the city has lost a significant part of its population to Stalinist repressions (political imprisonment and deportations), Romanian deportation of Jews (Holocaust), World War II, the Moldavian famine (1946-1947)[10][unreliable source?] and emigration.

After World War II, significant immigration occurred from all over the USSR in a move to rebuild the country, develop the industry and establish a local Soviet and party apparatus.

In the 1980s many Moldovans from the northern countryside of moved to Bălţi. By the end of 1980s, most of the Jews of Moldova had migrated to Israel. The Russian- and Ukrainian-speaking group had by then reached 50% of the population of the city, with Moldavian-speaking representing the other 50%[citation needed].

During that time, the regional delegate to the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union was the Soviet marshal Sergei Akhromeyev, one of the most pre-eminent hard-liners in the Soviet power system. He was one of the close allies of the 1991 putchists that tried to overthrow Gorbachev.

[edit] Fall of communism and independence of Moldova

During 1988-1989, the most effervescent period in Moldova's recent history, Bălţi was known as the "quiet city"[citation needed] of Moldova. Only a couple public demonstrations took place in the city during this period, none gathered more than 15,000[citation needed]. Most Baltiers, including Moldavian speaking opposed the drive for establishing the Romanian language as the only official language of the country.[citation needed]

The former Soviet apparatus representatives have retained political control over the city administration, although some reforms have been done, just like everywhere in Eastern European countries. The municipal activity is done in Russian and Moldavian. The city also actively supports Ukrainian language and culture.

1992-2007 Permanent or work-seeking emigration to Russia, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Greece, US, Germany, Israel, France and a low natality rate have led to a 23% decrease in population[citation needed], including a 45% decrease among ethnic Russians[citation needed], 30% ethnic Ukrainians, 15% ethnic Moldavians[citation needed].

[edit] Flag and coat of arms

[edit] Coat of arms

Current coat of arms
Current coat of arms

The current coat of arms and flag of Bălţi, elaborated by Silviu Tabac from the Moldovan State Commission for Heraldry, have been adopted by the Municipal Council in April 2006.

A shield, with (alternating) six silvery strips (symbolizing water), and six blue strips (symbolizing earth) form the background (baltă, plural bălţi in Moldavian means pools or puddles in English). The central element of the shield is an archer in red clothes, in the military outfit (yellow) of Stephen III of Moldavia times (15th century). The archer represents the medieval military recruitment, formed by local free peasants.[13]

On top of the shield there is a silver crown in the shape of fortress wall, with seven towers. (The crown represents the fact that the locality is a city. Apart from Bălţi, only the capital Chişinău, and Tiraspol are allowed to have seven towers, while other cities must limit this number to three or five.) The shield is supported by two rearing silver horses. (The white horse is the traditional symbol of the region, which was part of Iaşi County before 1812.) Under the shield there is a ribbon with the Latin inscription CIDANT ARMA TOGAE, meaning arms yield to togas.[14]

[edit] Flag

The city's flag is composed of two horizontal strips: a blue one on top, and a silver one on bottom. The shield and archer elements from the coat of arms are also present in the center of the flag.

[edit] Historical symbols

In the Middle Ages, the archer was featured on the coats of arms of the region.

In the 19th century, the city coat of arms was for most of the time a horse head.

In the early 20th century, a shield representing an archer, standing on a hill, the sun, and three bullrush sticks (elements quite sufficient to identify the place where Bălţi is situated in the landscape of the north of Moldova) formed the coat of arms of the Bălţi county, while these and horse elements - the coat of arms of the city proper.

[edit] Administration

Bălţi Municipality is a territorial unit of Moldova (one of its 3 municipalities not subordinated to other territorial units; it has the status of municipality since 1994), containing the city itself, and the villages of Elizaveta (also called Elizavetovca) and Sadovoe.

The Mayor Office (Moldavian: Primăria) is headed by the Mayor (Moldavian: Primar), and administers the local affairs, while the Municipal Council serves as a consultative body with some powers of general policy determination. It is composed of 35 council members, called counselors, elected every four years. As a result of the last regional elections of local public administration held in June 2007, the Communist Party (PCRM) holds 21 mandates, 11 mandates are held by representatives of other parties, and 3 mandates by independents. There are two factions in the Municipal Council: the PCRM faction (21 members) and "Meleag" faction (3 independents and 4 representatives of different parties).

The mayor of the municipality is elected for four years. Vasile Panciuc, PCRM, is the incumbent from 2001 and was re-elected twice: in 2003 during the anticipated elections (as a result of a new reform of the administrative division in Moldova), and in 2007.

[edit] Population

[edit] Demographics

In accordance with the data submitted by the Department of Statistics and Sociology of the Republic of Moldova, the population of Bălţi municipality was, as of 1 January 2006 127,600, from which 122,700 live in the city of Bălţi, 4,900 in the suburbs (3,500 in Elizavetovca, 1,400 in Sadovoe[15]).

As of 1 January 2005[16], ethnic composition of Bălţi was as follows:

Ethnicity  %
Moldovan 45,5%
Ukrainian 25,8%
Russian 24,1%
other nationalities 4,4%

2004 Moldovan Census

According to the 2004 Moldovan Census, the population of Bălţi municipality was 127,561. The population of the city - 122,669, suburban villages - 4,892; men - 58,418; women - 69,143.[17]

Available census information

The population of Bălţi in accordance with available census data.[18]

Year 1897 1930 1959 1970 1979 1989 2004
Population 18,500 30,570 67,666 105,505 126,950 161,475 127,561

In 1897 the first Russian Empire Census was carried out; in 1930 - the census of Romania (according to which of the 30,570 inhabitants of the city, 14,200 were Jews, 8,900 Romanians, 5,400 Russians and Ukrainians, 1,000 Poles; 14,400 were Christian Orthodox, 14,250 Judaic, 1,250 Romano-Catholic; in 1939 another Romanian census was carried out, but its data was never processed because of the beginning of the World War II); in 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989, Soviet Union population censuses were carried out.

Ethnic Groups, 2004 [19]:

Ethnicity Number  %
Moldovan 66,877 52.4 %
Ukrainian 30,288 23.7 %
Russian 24,526 19.2 %
Romanian 2,258 1.8 %
Pole 862 0.7 %
Jew 411 0.3 %
Bulgarian 297 0.2 %
Gypsy 272 0.2 %
Gagauz 243 0.2 %
other 1,527 1.2 %
not declared 183 0.1 %

[edit] Religion

At the last census[20], 90.7% of the population (110,961 people) identified themselves as Christian Orthodox, 2.1% (2,609 people) as Baptist, 0.8% (990 people) as Catholic, 3.2% (3,960 people) as belonging to other religious groups, none more than 0.5%: 576 people as Seventh-day Adventist, 487 people as Pentecostal, 296 as Methodist, 166 as Evangelicalist, 106 as Muslim, 77 as Presbyterianist, 47 as Old Believers, 44 as Reformed, 2161 as followers of other religions 0.4% (544 people) as atheist, and 2.7% (3,304) as agnostic.

[edit] Social aspects

The post-independence decrease in the city population is mainly due to economic and demographic situation of Moldova, which prompted a wave of permanent or temporary emigration.

Remittances from the migrant workers account for 30% of Moldova's GDP, the highest percentage in all of Europe.[21] Often, elderly relatives and children of these workers are left to live in Bălţi. Due to that, in Bălţi, many children are left with minimal parental supervision for months, or more.[citation needed]

The majority of the population of Bălţi is bilingual (Moldovan and Russian). About half of the city also understands and/or speaks Ukrainian.

[edit] Civil society

Bălţi is a source of civil society development both locally and nationwide. Bălţi is home to numerous independent and apolitical organisations such as Second Breath, one of the Moldovan NGOs for care of socially vulnerable persons, Tinerii pentru Dreptul la Viata ("Youth for the right to live"), a youth organisation.

[edit] Economy

Main article: Economy of Bălţi

Most of the city's industry centers on food processing, notably in the production of flour, sugar, and wine. Manufacturing of furniture and agricultural machinery also plays an important role in Bălţi's economy.

[edit] Shopping

Bălţi has several major shopping chain outlets, such as the German Metro Group AG, Ukrainian Fourchette and Moldovan Fidesco.

Numerous shops, can be found in the central (retail), eastern (en gros) and northern (retail) parts of the city. The biggest shopping galleries are located in the center and in the Dacia district (north) of the city. Souvenir boutiques are mostly found around the central square Vasile Alecsandri. The central market, busy from early morning, and its historical building offer just about anything from genuine butcher's products, all varieties of fresh vegetables and fruits, to a new dog.

[edit] Manufacturing

This city is an important economic center, with manufacturing playing an important role. Besides traditional for Moldova wine making, sugar, meat processing, flour milling, oil production, and light industry in general, Bălţi is the center for manufacturing of agricultural machinery, of various construction materials, fur, textile, chemical and furniture industries. A mammoth Soviet-type conglomerate 8,000-worker factory (called "Lenin" before 1989 and "Răut" afterwards) produced a large variety of machine building products for consumer or industry use, from irons and telephone sets to sonar equipment for Soviet military submarines. However, due to swift changes in the economic environment after the breakdown of the Soviet planned economy system, the manufacturing base of the city has severely suffered. Nevertheless, more recently, new economic ties are being created, with collaboration and direct investment mostly from the European Union.[citation needed]

[edit] Services

The service sector has developed after 1989 to cover little more than the basic needs of the population. A variety of small private stores and supermarkets opened. Also, there are six public-owned and four private-owned markets; these are places where small-scale businessmen or women can for a tax trade different goods: imported or local-made clothing (quite often counterfeit) or agricultural products from farms in the villages neighboring Bălţi. More recently several supermarket chains have started opening stores in the city.

[edit] Energy and utilities

The main energy supply of the city comes from the local thermoelectric plant CET Nord, which uses a variety of imported carbon-based fuel (easier to obtain and cheaper than oil). The city is well-connected by high-voltage lines, and there are recent plans for the construction of a new line. Russian-imported natural gas is distributed to households. Winter heating is partially distributed centrally throughout the city by pipelines. Although the city was often left without electricity and heating during the economic upheaval of the nationalist rule of 1994-2001, it has experienced no shortages or interruptions ever since the modernised Communist Party gained the elections. The drinking water is supplied into the pipes from a network of local artesian wells (which are insufficient) and from the river Dniester through a 60 km long pipeline connecting Bălţi to Soroca (which is not economically feasible[citation needed]).

[edit] Tourist industry

[edit] Hotels

  • Lidolux Hotel Bălţi
  • Hotel Bălţi (former Basarabia)
  • Hotel Tinereţe

[edit] Nightclubs

The night life in the centre of Bălţi is mainly concentrated around the central Vasile Alecsandri square, which, together with adjoining Independence street and other central squares, is one of the biggest esplanades in Europe. Numerous cafés and restaurants with international cuisine can be found there. Most of the city's feasts take place here. One of the favourite pastimes of Baltiers is an evening stroll along the Independence street and Vasile Alecsandri square.

Bălţi is home for two of the biggest clubs in the north of Moldova. The Soho Club, 500m from the city centre, in the Palace of Culture the and Convention Centre of the "Răut" Company, is known for its 1980-style parties on Thursdays. The A-Club, located near the Bălţi-Slobozia Railway Station, is known for its after parties on weekends for younger visitors, as well as an after-work Wednesday party.

[edit] Military

The 1st motorized infantry brigade "Moldova" of the Moldovan army (out of a total of 6 brigades - three infantry, one artillery, one airborne and one anti-aircraft) is located in Bălţi. A unit of Soviet "Tochka-M" short-range rockets, each carrying 500 kg of conventional explosive, was known to be based in the city. No up to date information is available.

[edit] Media

  • Deca-press, the oldest independent press agency in the north of the country
  • Spros i Predlojenie, a major Russian-speaking daily newspaper serving northern Moldova

[edit] Transportation

Main article: Transport in Bălţi

[edit] Public Transport

Passenger transport in Bălţi is mainly carried out by the Bălţi Trolleybus Authority and Bălţi Bus Authority, as well as by private bus, minibus and taxi companies. The total amount of transported passengers in Bălţi for 2004 was 35,4 million passengers.[citation needed]

[edit] Buses and minibuses

The Bălţi Bus Authority (B.B.A.) provides for 10 regular bus routes in Bălţi and suburbs. There are also private bus and minibus services, which are not regulated by the B.B.A. There are around 25 minibus lines in Bălţi and its agglomeration.

[edit] Trolleybuses

There are 3 trolleybus lines in Bălţi, the fourth line being planned to be constructed in 2007-2008. Most trolleybuses used by the Bălţi Trolleybus Authority (B.T.A.) are different modifications of the Soviet ZiU and Czech Škoda.

Line Length In service from Number of stations Serviced by
Line 1 Molodovo – Aeroportul Bălţi-Oraş  ?.? km / ?.? miles 1970?  ? B.T.A.
Line 2 Gara Bălţi-Slobozia – Cartierul "Dacia"  ?.? km / ? miles 1970?  ? B.T.A.
Line 3 Combinatul de Carne – Autogara  ?.? km / ? miles 1970?  ? B.T.A.
Line 4 Centru – Cimitirul  ?.? km / ? miles 2008?  ? B.T.A.

[edit] Taxis

Bălţi offers a wide choice of taxi services (more than 5 companies), most of which with a fixed fee in the inner city. Three taxi companies are branches of Moldovan national companies, two taxi companies are Bălţi registered businesses.

The "per km/time" fees is currently being enforced by the government through difficult negotiations with taxi trade unions.

[edit] Motorways

Bălţi was and is an important transportation hub of Moldova.

The best inter-city transportation is done by coach or van (privately or publicly owned). 135 km of Soviet-style highway (portions in good or fair condition) connect the city to the capital Chişinău. By road one can also reach Ukraine (in about 2 hours) to the north or to the east, and Romania (1 hour) to the south-west by the Sculeni-Sculeni crossing point, which leads to the important Romanian city of Iaşi (104 km from Bălţi), or to the west by the Stânca-Costeşti crossing.

The Bălţi Inter-City Coach Station is one of the biggest in Moldova and provides for regular bus connections to almost any city and village in Moldova, as well as for numerous European and international connections (Eurolines).

[edit] Train Stations

Regular railroad connection to Ocniţa (north), Rezina (east) and Ungheni (south-east), as well as to Chişinău exists, however it takes today 6 hours to cover the 200 km to Chişinău.

The railroad lines are not electrified, and contain only a single track between stations. Since Moldova gained independence, the railroad lines became the responsibility of Calea Ferată din Moldova (Railways of Moldova) state company.

There are two railroad stations: Bălţi-City Station and Bălţi-Slobozia Station (the name of a city neighborhood), which both serve internal and international traffic.

[edit] Airports

Main article: Bălţi-Leadoveni International Airport

The city also has two operational airports. One of them, Bălţi-Leadoveni International Airport (colloquially mentioned as Bălţi Airport), 15km north of the city center (near the village of Corlăteni, formerly called Leadoveni), modern by Soviet standards, built in 1980s, where large aircraft can land (one 2,200 meters runway), is officially certified and operates both charter passenger and cargo flights. As of October 2007, it does not operate regular passenger flights.

A second airport, for small aircraft, Bălţi-City Airport, is located on the Eastern outskirts of the city. It was the most important airport in the surrounding region during World War II, but currently is only used for municipal and regional public services, agriculture, emergency services and pilot training.

[edit] Culture

[edit] Architecture

Cultural venues in the city include:

[edit] Theaters

  • "Eugene Ionesco" Theatre
  • "Licurici" Republican Puppet Theatre
  • “B.P.Hajdeu” Republican Drama-Muzical Theatre
  • “Mihai Eminescu” National Theatre
  • "Luceafarul" Republican Theatre
  • Municipial Theatre "Satiricus I.L. Caragiale"
  • Vasile Alecsandri theatre

[edit] Art galleries

  • "Exhibition of the Union of painters "Constantin Brâncuşi"
  • Artum Art Gallery

[edit] Churches

Main article: Memorials of Bălţi

The Yiddish song “Beltz, Mayn Shtetele” is a moving evocation of a happy childhood spent in the shtetl (little town) Beltz. Its composer Alexander Olshanetsky (1892-1946) had moved to the US from Bessarabia in 1921, the lyrics are by Jacob Jacobs (1892-1972).

[edit] Education

Main article: Education of Bălţi

[edit] Primary and Secondary Education

There are 13 high schools (Lyceums):[22]

  • Lyceum "Dimitrie Cantemir"
  • Lyceum "Nikolai Gogol"
  • Lyceum "Alexander Pushkin"
  • Lyceum "Vasile Alecsandri"
  • Lyceum "Mihai Eminescu"
  • Lyceum "Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu"
  • Lyceum "Maxim Gorky"
  • Lyceum "George Coşbuc"
  • Lyceum "Ştefan cel Mare"
  • Lyceum "Ion Creangă"
  • Lyceum "Lucian Blaga"
  • Lyceum "Mikhail Lomonosov"
  • Lyceum "Alexandru Ioan Cuza"

6 professional institutions (Romanian: colegii) offering the last 3 years of high school edication and 2 years post-high school technical education:

  • Republican College of Music and Pedagogy
  • Pedagogical College „Ion Creangă"
  • College of Medicine (Nursing school)
  • Professional College of Textile Industry
  • Polytechnical College
  • Technical College of Railroads

14 secondary schools (numbered 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 19, 21, 23), 7 professional or professional-technical schools (numbered 1 through 7), and 3 boarding school, including one for visually impaired.

[edit] Higher Education

These schools teach either in Moldavian, Russian, Ukrainian, English or are mixed. The later case was inherited from the Soviet system, which provided for education in Russian and Moldavian languages, where mixed schools were created with the administration being carried out in both languages. Today, both Moldavian and Russian languages are used in the administration.

[edit] Health Protection

Bălţi Republican Hospital
Bălţi Republican Hospital

The city has a big Republican hospital, another multifunctional municipal hospital, a children's hospital, and a range of other medical facilities (smaller clinics and hospitals, as well as buildings, named poly-clinics, gathering doctors offices):[23]

  • Republican Multifunctional Hospital
  • Municipal Hospital/Clinic
  • Children's Municipal Hospital/Clinic
  • Emergency Medical Services Centre (with subsections throughout the city)
  • Tuberculosis Clinic
  • Hospital for Mental Illnesses
  • Hospital of Moldavian Railroads
  • Network of Family Doctors
  • Non-Governmental Organisations
  • Private Hospital/Clinic Centre of Laser Therapy "Incomed"
  • Dental Clinic

[edit] Sport

[edit] Notable people

  • Natalia Barbu, singer, represented Moldova at the 2007 Eurovision musical competition
  • Gheorghe Briceag, political prisoner, dissident, and human rights activist with the Helsinki Commettee, receiver of the 2004 Homo Homini Award
  • Emanuil Catelli, politician, prefect of Bălţi, killed by the NKVD
  • Eugen Coşeriu, philologist, founder of the School of Linguistics at Tübingen University
  • Lia van Leer, founder and director of the International Jerusalem Film Festival
  • Marian Lupu, politician, speaker of the Parliament of Moldova since 2005
  • Anatol Pânzaru, actor and producer of theatre
  • Ion Pelivan, lawyer and politician, co-leader of the Moldavian National Party, minister of the exterior of the Moldavian Democratic Republic, killed by NKVD
  • Ştefan Pirogan, politician, mayor of Bălţi 1923-1934, political prisoner, killed by NKVD
  • Vadim Pirogan, political prisoner and dissident
  • Colea Răutu, Romanian movie star
  • Nicolae Testemiţanu, Moldovan physician, surgeon, hygienist, and politician
  • Vadim Vacarciuc, weight lifter, 1997 World Champion
  • Mihai Volontir, movie star
  • Stela Popescu, Romanian actress and singer

[edit] International Relations

[edit] Sister cities

[edit] Consulates

  • Flag of Ukraine Consulate of Ukraine, address: str. Kiev 143
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Cities and communes of
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Bălţi
Map of Moldova highlighting Bălţi
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Administrative divisions of Moldova
Districts Flag of Moldova
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Chişinău · Tiraspol1 · Bălţi · Bender · Comrat1
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1 Comrat and Tiraspol have municipality status but are not among the first-level subdivisions of Moldova, being part of, respectively, Găgăuzia and Transnistria.
2 The political status of Transnistria is not settled.
v • d • e
Administrative divisions of Moldova
Districts Flag of Moldova
Municipalities
Chişinău · Tiraspol1 · Bălţi · Bender · Comrat1
Autonomous regions
1 Comrat and Tiraspol have municipality status but are not among the first-level subdivisions of Moldova, being part of, respectively, Găgăuzia and Transnistria.
2 The political status of Transnistria is not settled.

[edit] Notes and References

  1. ^ English <-> Romanian Online Dictionary - a Bilingual Dictionary from ECTACO
  2. ^ lingvo.yandex.ru
  3. ^ In particular, many were Russian clerics (Old Believers) who had not accepted a 17th century move of modernization within the Russian Orthodox Church, and were excommunicated, provoking a split. The western provinces of the Russian Empire with Bessarabia in particular, were more liberal religiously.[citation needed]
  4. ^ (Romanian) Pantelimon Halipa, Anatolie Moraru, "Testament pentru urmaşi", München, 1967, reprint Hyperion, Chişinău, 1991, p. 70
  5. ^ Halipa, Moraru, p. 70, p. 144
  6. ^ (Romanian)Ion Nistor, Istoria Basarabiei, Humanitas, 1991. ISBN 973-28-0283-9, p. 275
  7. ^ Halipa, Moraru, p. 70
  8. ^ Halipa, Moraru, p. 75-76
  9. ^ Nistor, p. 282
  10. ^ a b Alexandru Usatiuc-Bulgăr "Cu gîndul la "O lume între două lumi": eroi, martiri, oameni-legendă" ("Thinking of 'A World between Two Worlds': Heroes, Martyrs, Legendary People"), Publisher: Lyceum, Orhei (1999) ISBN 9975-939-36-8
  11. ^ (Moldovan)Mihail Adauge, Alexandru Furtună, "Basarabia şi basarabenii", Chişinău, Editura Uniunii Scriitorilor din Moldova, 1991, p.332-335
  12. ^ (Romanian) Comisia Prezidenţială pentru Analiza Dictaturii Comuniste din România: Raport Final / ed.: Vladimir Tismăneanu, Dorin Dobrincu, Cristian Vasile, Bucureşti: Humanitas, 2007, 879 pp., ISBN 978-973-50-1836-8
  13. ^ In medieval Moldavia Arcaşii lui Ştefan [Stephen's archers], free peasants paying tax only to the country's ruler and ready to serve at the first call, formed the first line of defense against invading enemies, and often had to defend their villages and families themselves, or hide them in the forests, before the Principality's army would come to relief.[citation needed] Throughout the hilly part (i.e. most) of Moldova, many summits have an additional man-made earth addition of up to 10 meters in some places, where warning fires were located in the early Middle Ages. One can easily recognize these spots on the Moldavian, now deforested, mainly cultivated landscape, all the way to the banks of the river Dniester, across from which the Asian steppe begins, and can observe a repeating peculiarity: From each of the summits the otherwise obscured neighborhood is very well observable, with at least 3 other such spots in clear view, although possibly at a couple hours' walking distance.
  14. ^ In ancient Rome, a toga was the loose outer garment worn by citizens in public.
  15. ^ {{ro icon}(Russian)History of the city on balti.md
  16. ^ (Russian)History - Book "Beltsy - 585", Part I. Official site of the Balti City Hall (2007-05-19). Retrieved on 2008-05-30.
  17. ^ (Moldovan)official population statistics
  18. ^ (Moldovan)official census data
  19. ^ (Moldovan)official ethnicity statistics
  20. ^ (Moldovan)official religion statistics
  21. ^ (Romanian)Romanii din strainatate vor sa revina in tara
  22. ^ Bălţi schools
  23. ^ (Russian)Health institutions on balti.md

[edit] External links

Find more about Bălţi on Wikipedia's sister projects:
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(Moldovan) (Russian) Turism in Bălţi at www.turism.md

(Moldovan) Official web site of "Alecu Russo" Balti State University