Béguinage

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Flemish Béguinages*
UNESCO World Heritage Site
State Party	Belgium
Type	Cultural
Criteria	ii, iii, iv
Reference	855
Region†	Europe and North America
Inscription history
Inscription	1998  (22nd Session)
* Name as inscribed on World Heritage List. † Region as classified by UNESCO.

A Béguinage is a collection of small buildings used by Beguines, which were several lay sisterhoods of the Roman Catholic Church, founded in the 13th century in the Low Countries, of religious women who sought to serve God without retiring from the world.

[edit] Béguinages on the Continent

A "Begijnhof" (as the Dutch name is) or Béguinage comprises a courtyard surrounded by small dwellings. It is often encircled by a wall and secluded from the town proper by one or two gates. Poor and elderly beguines were housed here by benefactors.

Béguinages are to be found in an area roughly corresponding with present-day Northern and North-Eastern France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Western and North-Western Germany.

The beguines were a religious women's movement. Their success, according to the Belgian historian Henri Pirenne, was due to a surplus of women occasioned by violence, war, military and semi-military operations, which took the lives of many men. Great numbers of women had no option but to unite and collectively secure the aid of rich benefactors.

Similarly, nuns' convents in the twelfth century enjoyed substantial initial success. Stricter rules within Cistercian and other abbeys, however, caused many women to seek less strict surroundings. Moreover, these abbeys' initial success necessitated the refusal of a great many applications for admission. As an additional obstacle, in several cases a certain degree of prosperity was required as a condition for admission to a regular nunnery.

Town orders, such as the Dominicans, which did not make this requirement, were more successful for that very reason.

[edit] Famous Béguinages in Belgium

Béguinage of Bruges

(Large) béguinage of Leuven

The Begijnhof / Béguinage of Breda (Netherlands).

Béguinage of Turnhout

• Antwerp
• Bruges
• Dendermonde
• Diest
• Ghent (3: Old Saint-Elisabeth, New Saint-Elisabeth in Sint-Amandsberg and Our-Lady Ter Hooyen)
• Hoogstraten
• Lier
• Leuven (2: Large and Small)
• Mechelen (2: Large and Small)
• Kortrijk
• Sint-Truiden
• Turnhout
• Tongeren

The Flemish Béguinages are a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1998^[1]

[edit] Other Béguinages Worldwide

• Begijnhof, Amsterdam, Netherlands
• Breda, Netherlands
• Béguinage de Saint Vaast, Cambrai, France
• Elm Hill Houses, Norwich, England

[edit] See also

• Beguines and Beghards

[edit] References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Béguinage

1. ^ Flemish Béguinages. List of World Heritage. Unesco.

[edit] External links

• Belgium's beguinages offered refuge for women CNN

v • d • e World Heritage Sites in Belgium Belfries of Belgium and France (with France) · Bruges (city centre) · Flemish Béguinages · Four Lifts on the Canal du Centre and their Environs, La Louvière and Le Rœulx, Hainault · Grand-Place, Brussels · Major Town Houses of the Architect Victor Horta, Brussels · Neolithic Flint Mines at Spiennes (Mons) · Notre-Dame Cathedral, Tournai · Plantin-Moretus House-Workshops-Museum Complex