Azurocidin 1

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Azurocidin 1 (cationic antimicrobial protein 37)

PDB rendering based on 1a7s.

Available structures: 1a7s, 1ae5, 1fy1, 1fy3

Identifiers

Symbol(s)

AZU1; AZAMP; AZU; CAP37; HBP; HUMAZUR; NAZC

External IDs

OMIM: 162815 HomoloGene: 74404

Gene ontology
Molecular Function:	• serine-type endopeptidase activity • heparin binding • toxin binding
Cellular Component:	• extracellular region • azurophil granule
Biological Process:	• microglial cell activation • proteolysis • anti-apoptosis • chemotaxis • inflammatory response • protein kinase C activation • glial cell migration • monocyte activation • positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process • regulation of vascular permeability • cellular extravasation • positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process • positive regulation of cell adhesion • macrophage chemotaxis • positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta biosynthetic process • positive regulation of fractalkine biosynthetic process • positive regulation of phagocytosis • defense response to Gram-negative bacterium • induction of positive chemotaxis

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Human

Mouse

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n/a

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Refseq

NM_001700 (mRNA)
NP_001691 (protein)

n/a (mRNA)
n/a (protein)

Location

Chr 19: 0.78 - 0.78 Mb

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Pubmed search

[1]

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Azurocidin 1 (cationic antimicrobial protein 37), also known as AZU1, is a human gene.^[1]

Azurophil granules, specialized lysosomes of the neutrophil, contain at least 10 proteins implicated in the killing of microorganisms. The protein encoded by this gene is an azurophil granule antibiotic protein, with monocyte chemotactic and antibacterial activity. It is also an important multifunctional inflammatory mediator. This encoded protein is a member of the serine protease gene family but it is not a serine proteinase, because the active site serine and histidine residues are replaced. The genes encoding this protein, neutrophil elastase 2, and proteinase 3 are in a cluster located at chromosome 19pter. All 3 genes are expressed coordinately and their protein products are packaged together into azurophil granules during neutrophil differentiation.^[1]

[edit] References

^ ^a ^b Entrez Gene: AZU1 azurocidin 1 (cationic antimicrobial protein 37).

[edit] Further reading

Morgan JG, Pereira HA, Sukiennicki T, et al. (1992). "Human neutrophil granule cationic protein CAP37 is a specific macrophage chemotaxin that shares homology with inflammatory proteinases.". Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 305: 89–96. PMID 1755383.
Watorek W (2004). "Azurocidin -- inactive serine proteinase homolog acting as a multifunctional inflammatory mediator.". Acta Biochim. Pol. 50 (3): 743–52. doi:035003743. PMID 14515154.
Zimmer M, Medcalf RL, Fink TM, et al. (1992). "Three human elastase-like genes coordinately expressed in the myelomonocyte lineage are organized as a single genetic locus on 19pter.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 (17): 8215–9. PMID 1518849.
Green BG, Weston H, Ashe BM, et al. (1991). "PMN elastases: a comparison of the specificity of human isozymes and the enzyme from other species toward substrates and inhibitors.". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 286 (1): 284–92. PMID 1897955.
Morgan JG, Sukiennicki T, Pereira HA, et al. (1991). "Cloning of the cDNA for the serine protease homolog CAP37/azurocidin, a microbicidal and chemotactic protein from human granulocytes.". J. Immunol. 147 (9): 3210–4. PMID 1919011.
Flodgaard H, Ostergaard E, Bayne S, et al. (1991). "Covalent structure of two novel neutrophile leucocyte-derived proteins of porcine and human origin. Neutrophile elastase homologues with strong monocyte and fibroblast chemotactic activities.". Eur. J. Biochem. 197 (2): 535–47. PMID 2026172.
Almeida RP, Melchior M, Campanelli D, et al. (1991). "Complementary DNA sequence of human neutrophil azurocidin, an antibiotic with extensive homology to serine proteases.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 177 (2): 688–95. PMID 2049091.
Pohl J, Pereira HA, Martin NM, Spitznagel JK (1990). "Amino acid sequence of CAP37, a human neutrophil granule-derived antibacterial and monocyte-specific chemotactic glycoprotein structurally similar to neutrophil elastase.". FEBS Lett. 272 (1-2): 200–4. PMID 2226832.
Campanelli D, Detmers PA, Nathan CF, Gabay JE (1990). "Azurocidin and a homologous serine protease from neutrophils. Differential antimicrobial and proteolytic properties.". J. Clin. Invest. 85 (3): 904–15. PMID 2312733.
Pereira HA, Shafer WM, Pohl J, et al. (1990). "CAP37, a human neutrophil-derived chemotactic factor with monocyte specific activity.". J. Clin. Invest. 85 (5): 1468–76. PMID 2332502.
Wilde CG, Snable JL, Griffith JE, Scott RW (1990). "Characterization of two azurphil granule proteases with active-site homology to neutrophil elastase.". J. Biol. Chem. 265 (4): 2038–41. PMID 2404977.
Pereira HA, Spitznagel JK, Pohl J, et al. (1990). "CAP 37, a 37 kD human neutrophil granule cationic protein shares homology with inflammatory proteinases.". Life Sci. 46 (3): 189–96. PMID 2406527.
Gabay JE, Scott RW, Campanelli D, et al. (1989). "Antibiotic proteins of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86 (14): 5610–4. PMID 2501794.
Pereira HA, Erdem I, Pohl J, Spitznagel JK (1993). "Synthetic bactericidal peptide based on CAP37: a 37-kDa human neutrophil granule-associated cationic antimicrobial protein chemotactic for monocytes.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90 (10): 4733–7. PMID 8506327.
Chertov O, Michiel DF, Xu L, et al. (1996). "Identification of defensin-1, defensin-2, and CAP37/azurocidin as T-cell chemoattractant proteins released from interleukin-8-stimulated neutrophils.". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (6): 2935–40. PMID 8621683.
Iversen LF, Kastrup JS, Bjørn SE, et al. (1997). "Structure of HBP, a multifunctional protein with a serine proteinase fold.". Nat. Struct. Biol. 4 (4): 265–8. PMID 9095193.
Karlsen S, Iversen LF, Larsen IK, et al. (1998). "Atomic resolution structure of human HBP/CAP37/azurocidin.". Acta Crystallogr. D Biol. Crystallogr. 54 (Pt 4): 598–609. PMID 9761855.
Olofsson AM, Vestberg M, Herwald H, et al. (1999). "Heparin-binding protein targeted to mitochondrial compartments protects endothelial cells from apoptosis.". J. Clin. Invest. 104 (7): 885–94. PMID 10510329.
Lindmark A, Garwicz D, Rasmussen PB, et al. (1999). "Characterization of the biosynthesis, processing, and sorting of human HBP/CAP37/azurocidin.". J. Leukoc. Biol. 66 (4): 634–43. PMID 10534120.