Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

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Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Classification and external resources
ICD-10	D59.0-D59.1
ICD-9	283.0
MeSH	D000744

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a type of hemolytic anemia where the body's immune system attacks its own red blood cells (RBCs), leading to their destruction (hemolysis). Antibodies and associated complement system components become fixed onto the RBC surface. These antibodies can be detected with the direct antiglobulin test, also known as the direct Coombs test. AIHA can also be induced by several drugs including methyl-dopa and fluarabine.

Autoimmunity must not be confused with alloimmunity.

Contents 1 Classification 1.1 Subtypes 2 Laboratory findings 3 See also 4 References 5 External links

[edit] Classification

Haemolysis can be intravascular or extravascular.

Intravascular haemolysis
Red blood cell lysis occurs in the circulation as a result of activation of the complement system cascade.

Extravascular haemolysis
Red Blood Cells that are coated with antibodies are specifically recognised in the reticuloendothelial system and destroyed by macrophages.

[edit] Subtypes

Warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia

• Idiopathic
• Systemic lupus erythematosus
• Evans' syndrome (antiplatelet antibodies and haemolytic antibodies)
• Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
• Drugs (methyldopa)

Cold antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia

• Idiopathic cold hemagglutinin syndrome
• Infectious mononucleosis
• Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (rare)
• Lymphoma

Mixed-type autoimmune hemolytic anemia

[edit] Laboratory findings

• Positive direct Coombs test
• Anaemia

[edit] See also

• Haematology
• Haemolytic anaemia

[edit] References

• eMedicine

[edit] External links

• Case report of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia with typical laboratory findings. Clinical Cases and Images.

v • d • e Pathology: hematology, hematologic disease (primarily D50-D77, 280-289) RBCs/anemia/ hemoglobinopathy (Myeloid) nutritional anemia: Iron deficiency anemia, Plummer-Vinson syndrome, Megaloblastic anemia (Pernicious anemia) hereditary hemolytic anemia: enzyme disorders (G6PD Deficiency, Pyruvate kinase deficiency,Triosephosphate isomerase deficiency), Thalassemia, Sickle-cell disease/trait, Hereditary spherocytosis, Hereditary elliptocytosis, Hereditary stomatocytosis acquired hemolytic anemia: Autoimmune (Warm), HUS, MAHA, PNH, PCH aplastic anemia: Acquired PRCA, Diamond-Blackfan anemia, Fanconi anemia • Sideroblastic anemia Polycythemia - Methemoglobinemia Coagulation/platelets (Myeloid) coagulopathy: DIC (Congenital afibrinogenemia, Purpura fulminans) • Hemophilia (A/VII, B/IX, C/XI, XIII) • Von Willebrand disease • Hypoprothrombinemia Purpura: Henoch-Schönlein, ITP (Evans syndrome), TTP primary hypercoagulable state: Protein C deficiency - Protein S deficiency - Antithrombin III deficiency - Factor V Leiden - Activated protein C resistance - Antiphospholipid syndrome other hemorrhagic conditions: Bernard-Soulier syndrome - Glanzmann's thrombasthenia - Grey platelet syndrome - May Hegglin anomaly - Pelger-Huet anomaly Essential thrombocytosis - Thrombocytopenia Monocytes/Macrophages (Myeloid) WHO-I histiocytosis (Langerhans cell histiocytosis) WHO-II/non-Langerhans-cell histiocytosis (Juvenile xanthogranuloma, Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis) WHO-III/malignant histiocytic disorders (Acute monocytic leukemia, Malignant histiocytosis, Erdheim-Chester disease) -cytosis: Monocytosis -penia: Monocytopenia Granulocytes (Myeloid) -cytosis: granulocytosis (Neutrophilia, Eosinophilia, Basophilia) -penia: Granulocytopenia/agranulocytosis (Neutropenia, Kostmann syndrome) Other/general myeloid Chronic granulomatous disease Lymphoid -cytosis: Lymphocytosis -penia: Lymphopenia Other Splenic disease (Asplenia/hyposplenism, Wandering spleen) - Pancytopenia See also hematological malignancy and immune disorders