Australian non-residential architectural styles
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Australian non-residential architectural styles are a set of Australian architectural styles that apply to buildings used for purposes other than living in and have been around only since the first colonial government buildings of early European settlement of Australia in 1788.
Their distribution follows closely the establishment and growth of the different colonies of Australia, in that the earliest colonial buildings can be found in New South Wales and Tasmania.
The following classification is derived from Apperley, Irving and Reynolds (1989):
Contents |
[edit] Old Colonial Period 1788 - c. 1840
- Old Colonial Georgian; Old Colonial Regency; Old Colonial Grecian; Old Colonial Gothic Picturesque
[edit] Georgian
Hyde Park Barracks, Sydney. Old Colonial Georgian. Completed in 1819 |
The Windmill. Brisbane; 1828. Brisbane's oldest building |
[edit] Regency
St James Old Cathedral. King Street, Melbourne; 1839-1849, relocated 1914. One of Melbourne's oldest surviving buildings |
Sydney Mint. Sydney. Completed 1816. The oldest public building in Australia. |
[edit] Grecian
[edit] Gothic Picturesque
Former Government Stables. Sydney. Completed in 1821. Example of old colonial castellated Gothic picturesque. |
[edit] Victorian Period c. 1840 - c. 1890
15 styles all prefaced by "Victorian":
- Georgian, Regency, Egyptian, Academic Classical, Free Classical, Filligree, Mannerist, Second Empire, Italianate, Romanesque, Academic Gothic, Free Gothic, Tudor, Rustic Gothic, Carpenter Gothic
[edit] Georgian
Fremantle Prison built 1850-57 |
Court house, Albury, New South Wales, built 1860; Palladian-style |
[edit] Regency
Old Government House. Brisbane. Completed 1862. |
[edit] Egyptian
[edit] Academic Classical
State Library of Victoria. Swanston Street, Melbourne, Victoria. Completed 1856. |
Parliament House. Spring Street, Melbourne. Completed 1856. |
Melbourne Trades Hall. Completed 1875. |
Supreme Court of Victoria. Lonsdale Street, Melbourne, Victoria. Completed 1884. Features a large columned neo-classical dome. |
Parliament House. Adelaide. Completed in 1889. |
St Kilda Town Hall. St Kilda, Victoria. Completed 1890. |
Former Hibernian Hall. Swanston Street, Melbourne. Completed 1887. |
Former Baptist Church House. East Melbourne, Victoria. Completed 1863. |
[edit] Free Classical
National Hotel, Fremantle, Western Australia; built late 1800s |
Railway station. Ballarat, Victoria; completed 1888; |
Fitzroy Town Hall, Fitzroy, Victoria completed 1890. |
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Werribee Park Mansion. Werribee, Victoria; completed 1877; |
Customs House. Brisbane. Completed 1889. This copper domed building is one of Australia's finest Free Classical buildings. |
Sydney Trades Hall. Completed 1888. |
Victoria Hotel. Albert Park, Victoria. Completed 1888. |
[edit] Filligree
The Regatta Hotel in Toowong, Queensland, present building constructed in 1886. |
Reid's Coffee Palace. Ballarat, Victoria. Completed 1886. |
The Sir William Wallace Hotel in Balmain, New South Wales completed 1879. |
[edit] Mannerist
Notable examples in Australia include: Culwulla Chambers (Sydney); Former Rocks Police Station (Sydney); Block Arcade (Melbourne); Stalbridge Chambers (Melbourne), National Bank Pall Mall (Bendigo); RESI Chambers (Melbourne); Lygon Buildings, Medley Hall (Carlton, Victoria); Former Money Order Post Office and Savings Bank (Melbourne); Mutual Store (Melbourne);
Former Mutual Store. Flinders Street, Melbourne. Completed 1891 |
Stalbridge Chambers. Little Collins Street, Melbourne. Completed 1891. |
Benvenuta. Carlton, Victoria. Completed 1893. |
Former Prahran Arcade. Prahran, Victoria. Completed 1889. Grand interiors and exteriors even without its Second Empire styled mansard roof. |
Lygon Buildings. Lygon Stret, Carlton, Victoria. Completed 1888. |
[edit] Second Empire
Notable examples include: Sydney Town Hall (Sydney); Hotel Windsor (Melbourne); Princess Theatre (Melbourne); Former Records Office (Melbourne); Melbourne General Post Office (Melbourne); Melbourne Town Hall (Melbourne); East Melbourne Synagogue (East Melbourne, Victoria); Royal Exhibition Building (Carlton, Victoria); Collingwood Town Hall (Collingwood, Victoria); South Melbourne Town Hall (South Melbourne, Victoria); Malvern Town Hall (Malvern, Victoria); Former Rechabite Hall (Phahran, Victoria); Brunswick Town Hall (Brunswick, Victoria); Camberwell Town Hall (Camberwell, Victoria); Bendigo Town Hall (Bendigo, Victoria); Shamrock Hotel (Bendigo Victoria); Bendigo Courthouse (Bendigo, Victoria); Bendigo Post Office (Bendigo, Victoria); Institute of Technology (Bendigo, Victoria); Queensland Parliament House (Brisbane)
Sydney Town Hall built 1869-89; Victorian Second Empire style |
Royal Exhibition Building, Melbourne, completed 1880. |
South Melbourne Town Hall, South Melbourne, Victoria completed 1880. |
Hotel Windsor, Melbourne, Victoria completed 1883. |
Princess Theatre. Melbourne, Victoria completed 1866. |
Malvern Town Hall. Malvern, Victoria. Completed 1890 |
Former Rechabite Hall. Prahran, Victoria. Completed 1888. |
Queensland Parliament. Brisbane. Completed 1868. |
East Melbourne Synagogue. East Melbourne, Victoria. Completed 1877 |
Bendigo Post Office. Bendigo, Victoria. Completed 1892 |
Bendigo Court House. Bendigo, Victoria. Completed 1892 |
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Shamrock Hotel. Bendigo, Victoria. Completed 1897 |
[edit] Italianate
Railway station, Albury, New South Wales, built 1881; |
Court house, Goulburn, New South Wales,built 1887; |
Eynesbury House, Adelaide, South Australia |
Glentworth House, Ashfield, New South Wales |
[edit] Romanesque
St Michael's Uniting Church. Melbourne, Melbourne. Completed 1866. |
[edit] Academic Gothic
St Peter's Cathedral. Adelaide. Completed 1901. |
[edit] Free Gothic
Perth Town Hall. Completed 1870 |
Former Metropolitan Gas Company Buildings; Flinders Street, Melbourne. Completed 1892; Venetian Gothic applied to a tall building |
Ormond College, Melbourne University. Completed 1881. |
Former Stock Exchange. Collins Street, Melbourne. Completed 1888. |
Former Safe Deposit Building. Collins Street, Melbourne. Completed 1890. |
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St George's Presbyterian Church. East St Kilda. Completed 1880 |
[edit] Tudor
Government House. Sydney. Completed 1843. |
Old Arts Building, University of Melbourne. Completed 1857. |
Main Quadrangle, University of Sydney. Completed 1862. |
Government House. Perth. Completed in 1864. |
The Barracks Arch. Perth. Completed in 1863. |
HM Prison Pentridge. Coburg, Victoria. Completed in 1864 |
[edit] Rustic Gothic
[edit] Carpenter Gothic
[edit] Federation Period c. 1890 - c. 1915
12 styles, each style name prefaced by "Federation":
- Academic Classical, Free Classical, Filligree, Anglo-Dutch, Romanesque, Gothic, Carpenter Gothic, Warehouse, Queen Anne, Free Style, Arts and Crafts, Bungalow
[edit] Academic Classical
[edit] Free Classical
Notable examples include: Sydney Hospital (Sydney); Taronga Zoo Pavillion (Sydney); Sydney Central Station (Sydney); Flinders Street Station (Melbourne); Sacred Heart Church (St Kilda, Victoria); Read's Emporium (Prahran, Victoria); Old Royal Hotel (Williamstown, Victoria); Former Queensland Lands Administration Building (Brisbane)
Flinders Street Station, Melbourne. Completed 1910. |
Former Read's Emporium. Prahran, Victoria. Free Classical. Completed 1914 |
Old Royal Hotel. Williamstown, Victoria. Free classical with arts and crafts influences. |
Sydney Central Station. Surry Hills, New South Wales. Completed 1906. |
Sacred Heart Church. St Kilda, Victoria. Completed 1891. |
Sydney Hospital. Completed 1894. |
[edit] Second Empire
Former Records Office. Queen Street, Melbourne. Completed 1900. |
Town Hall Administration Buildings. Swanston Street, Melbourne. Completed 1908. |
[edit] Filligree
Salvation Army Building, Brisbane, Queensland |
[edit] Ango-Dutch
City of Melbourne Buildings. Elizabeth Street, Melbourne. Completed 1888. A very early example of the style. |
University of Melbourne main buildings. Carlton, Victoria. Completed 1888. |
Prahran Market. Prahran, Victoria. Completed 1891. Early Anglo-Dutch. |
St Nicholas Hospital buildings. Carlton, Victoria. |
Eastern Hill Fire Station. East Melbourne, Victoria. Completed 1893. |
Perseverence Hotel. Fitzroy, Victoria. |
[edit] Romanesque
Queen Victoria Building, Sydney. Completed 1898. |
Our Lady of the Victories Basilica. Camberwell, Victoria. Completed in 1918. |
Old Museum Building. Brisbane, Queensland. Completed 1891 |
Melbourne Magistrates' Court. Corner of La Trobe and Russell Streets, Melbourne. Completed in 1914 |
Perth Mint. Perth. Completed in 1899. |
Fremantle Markets, Fremantle, Western Australia. Completed in 1902. |
[edit] Gothic
A.C Goode House. Collins Street, Melbourne. Completed 1891. |
Camperdown Memorial Clock Tower. Camperdown, Victoria. Completed 1897. |
Sacred Heart Cathedral. Bendigo, Victoria. Built 1896. |
RMIT Building 4, Swanston Street, Melbourne, Melbourne. Completed 1904. |
[edit] Carpenter Gothic
The Uniting Church at Narooma, New South Wales built 1914 |
St Mary's Church, Townsville, Queensland |
[edit] Warehouse
The Big Store. Prahran, Victoria. Completed 1902, an early and exuberant example of the style. |
[edit] Queen Anne
The Austral Buildings, Collins Street, Melbourne. Completed 1891. Queen Anne style. |
Professional Chambers. Collins Street, Melbourne. Completed 1908. Queen Anne style |
[edit] Free Style
Former Mechanics Institute. Prahran, Victoria. Freestyle |
Provincial Hotel. Ballarat, Victoria. Completed 1909. A fanciful freestyle composition with art nouveau elements |
Dimmey's. Cremorne, Victoria |
Canterbury Flats. St Kilda, Victoria built 1919; Free style. Demonstrates a variety of Federation style influences |
[edit] Arts and Crafts
Former Windsor post and telegraph offices.jpg
Former Post & Telegraph Offices. Windsor, Victoria. |
Fire Station, Glebe, Sydney (designed by Walter Liberty Vernon) |
[edit] Bungalow
[edit] Inter-War Period c. 1915 - c. 1940
16 styles, each style name prefaced by "Inter-War":
- Georgian Revival, Academic Classical, Free Classical, Beaux-Arts, Stripped Classical, Commercial Palazzo, Mediterranean, Spanish Mission, Chicagoesque, Functionalist & Modern, Art-Deco, Skyscraper Gothic, Romanesque, Interwar Gothic, Old English, California Bungalow
[edit] Georgian Revival
Windows of the Albert Hall, Canberra, opened 1928; |
Elizabeth Murdoch Building, Victorian College of the Arts. Melbourne |
[edit] Academic Classical
Shrine of Remembrance. Melbourne. Completed 1934. |
Brisbane City Hall. Opened 1930. |
Shrine of Remembrance. Brisbane. Completed 1930. |
[edit] Free Classical
[edit] Beaux Arts
Former Melbourne Mail Exchange. Bourke Street, Melbourne |
National Theatre. St Kilda, Victoria. Completed 1920. |
Herald Weekly Times Building. Flinders Street, Melbourne |
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Argus Building. LaTrobe Street, Melbourne. Completed 1927. Features large giant order columns with Egyptian decorative motifs |
GPO building, Forrest Place, Perth. Completed 1923. |
Commonwealth Bank building, Forrest Place, Perth. Completed 1933. |
[edit] Stripped Classical
Old Parliament House, Canberra; opened 1927; Stripped Classical |
AMP building in Albury, New South Wales; Stripped Classical |
Commonwealth Bank, Pyrmont, Sydney;Inter War Stripped Classical Style; opened 1920's
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[edit] Commercial Palazzo
Myer Melbourne main store, Lonsdale Street, Melbourne |
London Stores. Elizabeth Street, Melbourne. Completed 1922. |
Nicholas Building. Swanston Street, Melbourne. Completed 1925. |
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[edit] Mediterranean
Sydney and Melbourne buildings, City Centre, Australian Capital Territory; commenced building 1920s |
St Kilda Sea Baths. St Kilda, Victoria |
[edit] Art Deco
Australian War Memorial; building completed 1941; Byzantine architecture style with strong styling elements of art deco throughout |
Elmslea Chambers, Goulburn, New South Wales; built 1933; it was one of the first buildings in Australia to use Glazed architectural terra-cotta in its façade |
Forgan Smith Buildings and Great Court. University of Queensland. Completed 1927. |
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ANZAC War Memorial. Sydney. Completed 1934. |
Art Deco office building. Lonsdale Street, Melbourne. Shows obvious influences of the cascading silhouette of North American skyscrapers of the same period, but without the same zoning restrictions. |
Alkira House. Queen Street, Melbourne. One of the most striking Glazed architectural terra-cotta and glass brick clad Art Deco buildings in Australia |
[edit] Skyscraper Gothic
Victoria Hotel on Little Collins Street, Melbourne |
[edit] Chicagoesque
Capitol Theatre, opened 1924; Swanston Street, Melbourne |
Former Masonic Club. Flinders Street, Melbourne |
Love and Lewis building. Prahran, Victoria. Completed 1928. |
[edit] Functionalist & Moderne
Presgrave Building. Little Collins Street, Melbourne. Completed in 1938. |
Former Victoria carpark. Little Collins Street, Melbourne. Completed in 1939. Melbourne's oldest multi-storey carpark in the streamline moderne style. |
[edit] Interwar Gothic
Newman College, Melbourne (gallery) opened 1918 |
Montsalvat artists colony (Great Hall). Eltham, Victoria. Completed 1938. |
[edit] Old English
1930s Mock Tudor facades on Commercial Road, South Yarra, Victoria |
[edit] Functionalist & Moderne
The functionist and moderne style often used combinations of blonde and brown bricks in linear vertical or horizontal patterns. Notable examples include: Museum of Contemporary Art (Sydney); Captain's Flat Hotel (NSW); Russell Street Police Headquarters (Melbourne); Astor Theatre (St Kilda, Victoria); Ballarat Law Courts (Ballarat);
Hotel at Captains Flat, New South Wales built 1938; Functionalist |
Heidelberg Town Hall, Heidelberg, Victoria; built 1937; a fine example of interwar brick moderne |
Former Police Headquarters, Russell Street, Melbourne; built 1940; an example of interwar brick moderne heavily influenced by North American skyscrapers |
The Astor Theatre, St Kilda, Victoria; built 1937 |
Law Courts, Ballarat, Victoria |
[edit] Post-War Period c. 1940 - 1960
5 styles, each style name prefaced by "Post-War":
- Ecclesiastical, International
[edit] Ecclesiastical
St Marys Anglican Church, South Perth, Western Australia built 1957 |
[edit] International
ICI House. East Melbourne, Victoria; Completed 1958. Early curtain wall glass buildings and tallest in Australia when completed. |
[edit] Late Twentieth Century Period 1960 - 2000
14 styles, each style name prefaced by "Late Twentieth Century":
- Stripped Classical, Ecclesiastical, International, Organic, Brutalist, Structuralist, Late Modern, Post Modern, Immigrants' Nostalgic
[edit] Stripped Classical
National Library of Australia, Canberra; completed 1964. |
Dallas Brooks Hall, East Melbourne, Victoria; completed 1969. |
[edit] Ecclesiastical
[edit] International
Australia Square, Sydney. Completed 1967. An iconic office building. |
Optus Centre, Melbourne. Completed 1975. |
MLC Centre, Sydney. Completed 1977. |
[edit] Organic
Parliament House, Canberra. A mixture of Organic and contemporary stripped classical elements. Completed 1988. |
[edit] Brutalist
Notable examples include: Sydney Masonic Centre/Civic Tower (Sydney); AAPT Centre (Sydney); Sydney University Law School (Sydney); Cameron Offices (Canberra); High Court of Australia (Canberra); State Library of Queensland (Brisbane); Queensland Performing Arts Centre (Brisbane); Law Courts (Brisbane); Suncorp-Metway Plaza (Brisbane); National Gallery of Victoria (Melbourne); Total carpark (Melbourne); World Trade Center (Melbourne); Harold Holt Memorial Swimming Pool (Malvern, Victoria); St Kilda Public Library (St Kilda, Victoria); Plumbing Trades Employees Union of Australia Building (Melbourne); University of Melbourne Faculty of Engineering (Melbourne); Metropolitan Fire Brigade (East Melbourne, Victoria); R.A.W. Woodgate Centre (Kew, Victoria); University of Technology (Sydney), St Anthony's Church (Marsfield, Sydney)
Cameron Offices, Belconnen; constructed in the late 1960s and early 1970s; |
High Court of Australia. Canberra. Completed in 1980. |
National Gallery of Victoria. St Kilda Road, Melbourne. Completed in 1962. |
Queensland Performing Arts Complex. South Brisbane, Queensland. Completed 1985 |
AAPT Centre (formerly QANTAS). Sydney. Completed 1982 |
Law Courts. Brisbane. Completed 197? |
[edit] Structuralist
Sydney Opera House is often difficult to classify. Completed 1973. |
The Australian Academy of Science building, named the "Shine Dome", Canberra, designed by Roy Grounds, completed 1959 |
Sidney Myer Music Bowl. Melbourne. Completed 1959. One of the earliest examples of a tensile structure |
Lexus Centre (former Olympic Pool). Melbourne. Completed 1956. |
Brisbane Convention & Exhibition Centre. Completed 1995. Complex load bearing hyperbolic paraboloid roof design, a precursor to 21st Century structuralism. |
[edit] Late Modern
200 Queen Street. Melbourne. Completed in 1983. Curved mirror glass skyscraper. |
Rialto Towers, Melbourne; completed 1986. Australia's best example of a mirror glass corporate skyscraper |
Waterfront Place, Brisbane. Completed 1989. |
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Governor Phillip Tower, Sydney. Completed 1994. |
[edit] Post Modern
The Jam Factory. Chapel Street, South Yarra, Victoria. Completed in 1979. Feature mock historical elements juxtaposted with old factory |
120 Collins Street. Collins Street, Melbourne. Completed 1991. Evocative of a 1920s North American skyscraper. |
RMIT Building 8. Swanston Street, Melbourne. Completed 1993. References to pop-culture and significant Melbourne landmarks. |
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Boundary Street retail buildings. West End, Queensland. Completed 1999. |
[edit] Deconstructivist
Notable examples include Green Building RMIT; Deakin University main building; Australian Centre for Contemporary Art; Gottlieb House (Melbourne)
Storey Hall (The Green Building). RMIT. Swanston Street, Melbourne. Completed 1994. One of the earliest examples of Deconstructivist design in Australia. |
[edit] Immigrant's Nostalgic
Nan Tien temple. Wollongong, New South Wales. Completed in 1995. |
[edit] 21st Century Architecture
Several new and continued 20th century styles, all prefaced with 21st Century - Deconstructivist, Post modern, Structuralist, Sustainable, Modern
[edit] Deconstructivist
Notable examples include Fed Square; Shrine of Remembrance crypt; Sofo House (Melbourne) Swan Bells (Perth)
Swan Bells. Perth. Completed in 2000. |
Australian Centre for Contemporary Art. Southbank, Victoria. Completed 2002 |
[edit] Post Modern
National Museum of Australia. Completed 2001. |
"Newman House" in St Kilda, Victoria; completed 2000. An example of contemporary Post modern pop architecture. |
[edit] Structuralist
Advanced structuralism facilitated by Computer Aided Design
Telstra Dome. Melbourne; completed 2000. |
Southern Cross Station, Melbourne; completed 2006. |
[edit] Sustainable
Notable examples in Australia include: 60L (Melbourne); CH2 (Melbourne); K2 Apartments (Windsor, Victoria); Dunc Gray Velodrome (Sydney); Forest EcoCentre (Tasmania); Rozak House (Noonamah, Northern Territory).
K2 Apartments. Windsor, Victoria. Completed 2006. Highly visible solar panels, prominent natural ventilators and use of natural materials. |
Council House 2. Little Collins Street, Melbourne. Completed 2006. World's first 6 star green rating building features louvered facade, natural and recycled materials, solar panels and thermal mass cooling. |
[edit] Modern
Victoria Point, Melbourne Docklands; completed 2005; |
Freshwater Place, Southbank, Victoria; completed 2006. |
Eureka Tower, Southbank, Victoria; completed 2006 |
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- Apperly, Richard; Robert Irving, Peter Reynolds (1989). A pictorial guide to identifying Australian architecture, Paperback, 1994, Sydney,Australia: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-207-18562-5.
- Ulrike Laule, Rolf Toman, Achim Bednorz - Architecture of the Middle Ages - Background to the Gothic Revival style.
- George Wilkie - Building Your Own Home - Section on Architectural Styles
- http://www.geocities.com/asiedydd/styles.htm
- http://www.canberrahouse.com.au/organic.html
- http://www.canterbury.nsw.gov.au/library/resource/resthous.htm#styles
- sydneyarchitecture.com Chronology of Styles in Australian Architecture- http://www.sydneyarchitecture.com/STYLES/search-style.htm