Australian federal election, 1949
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Federal elections were held in Australia on 10 December 1949. All 121 seats in the House of Representatives, and 42 of the 60 seats in the Senate were up for election, where the single transferable vote was introduced. The incumbent Australian Labor Party led by Prime Minister of Australia Ben Chifley was defeated by the opposition Liberal Party of Australia led by Robert Menzies with coalition partner the Country Party led by Arthur Fadden.
| Party | Votes | % | Swing | Seats | Change | |
| Australian Labor Party | 2,117,088 | 45.98 | -3.73 | 47 | +4 | |
| Liberal Party of Australia | 1,813,794 | 39.39 | +10.81 | 55 | +40 | |
| Country Party | 500,349 | 10.87 | +0.17 | 19 | +8 | |
| Lang Labor | 32,870 | 0.71 | -0.88 | 0 | 0 | |
| Independents | 99,368 | 2.16 | +0.33 | 0 | -1 | |
| Other | 40,941 | 0.89 | 0 | -4 | ||
| Total | 4,604,410 | 121 | +47 | |||
| Liberal/Country coalition | WIN | 51.00 | * | 74 | +48 | |
| Australian Labor Party | 49.00 | * | 47 | +4 |
| Party | Votes | % | Swing | Seats Won | Seats Held | |
| Australian Labor Party | 1,881,956 | 44.89 | -7.18 | 19 | 34 | |
| Liberal/Country (Joint Ticket) | 1,871,849 | 44.65 | +6.53 | 16 | * | |
| Liberal Party of Australia | 241,598 | 5.76 | +0.56 | 7 | 21 | |
| Communist Party of Australia | 87,958 | 2.10 | * | 0 | 0 | |
| Country Party | * | * | * | 0 | 5 | |
| Other | 109,164 | 2.60 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Total | 4,192,525 | 42 | 60 |
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[edit] Electoral Reform
As of this election, single transferrable vote with proportional representation became the method for electing the Senate. This was to try and prevent the Senate from being dominated by one party, which had often occurred previously. For example, coming into the this election the ALP held 33 of the 36 Senate seats, whilst the conservatives at the 1919 election held 35 of the 36 Senate seats. In addition, the House of Representatives was enlarged from 74 to 121 seats and the Senate from 36 members to 60 members. All 121 lower house seats, and 42 of the 60 upper house seats, were up for election.
[edit] Issues
The election hinged on the policies of the Federal Labor Government, especially bank nationalisation. Prime Minister Chifley intended to bring all of the banks under Government control, a policy which the Coalition argued was socialist. In addition, the Coalition promised to end wartime rationing, which was unpopular. The election took place against the background of the developing Cold War and growing fears of communism.
[edit] Significance
The Chifley Government was defeated, ending the longest period of Labor Federal Government in Australian history up to that date (1941-1949). It would not return to office until 1972. Robert Menzies became Prime Minister for the second time, and the Liberal Party of Australia was in Government Federally for the first time.
[edit] References
- University of WA election results in Australia since 1890
- AEC 2PP vote
- Prior to 1984 the AEC did not undertake a full distribution of preferences for statistical purposes. The stored ballot papers for the 1983 election were put through this process prior to their destruction. Therefore the figures from 1983 onwards show the actual result based on full distribution of preferences. No figure available before 1949.
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