Austin FX4
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Austin FX4 | |
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| Manufacturer | Austin, Carbodies, LTI |
| Production | 1958-1997 |
| Predecessor | Austin FX3 |
| Successor | LTI TX1 |
| Body style(s) | 4-door saloon |
The FX4 is the classic London Black Cab. While the majority are black there is in fact no requirement in London for them to be black. Over the years, the FX4 has been sold under a range of brands.
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[edit] Design and launch
The FX4 was the successor to the Austin FX3 produced between 1948 and 1959 and in its own day regarded as the classic London taxi. Like the FX3, the FX4 was designed by Austin in collaboration with Mann and Overton (a taxi dealership) and Carbodies (a coachbuilder). The design team included Albert Moore from Austin’s engineering division, Jack Helberg from Carbodies and David Southwell of Mann and Overton. The original design was by Austin’s Eric Bailey with the assistance of Carbodies' Jake Donaldson. Little change was necessary to produce the outline of the production vehicle.
Like the FX3, the FX4 had a separate chassis (which was in fact barely changed from the FX3 chassis) with a body stiffened by a divider between the driving and passenger compartments.
The first FX4, registration mark VLW 431, was delivered in July 1958 with an official launch later that year.
[edit] History
As launched, the FX4 was fitted with a 2.2 L Austin diesel engine and a Borg-Warner automatic transmission. In 1961, the manual transmission from the Austin Gipsy was available as an option. From 1962, the Austin 2.2 L petrol engine was available. The vast majority of FX4s used in London throughout its service history were however fitted with a diesel engine and an automatic transmission.
In 1968, there was a facelift. The original cars were provided with small rear stop and brake lights and roof-mounted turn indicators known as "bunny ears". The rear wings were modified to accept the taillights and turn indicators from the Austin 1100. Front indicators were also provided below the headlights. The "bunny ears" were later removed.
In 1971, the 2.2 L (strictly 2178 cc) diesel engine was replaced by a bored-out unit displacing 2.5 L. This new model was known as the FX4D.
Originally the FX4 was fitted with chrome bumpers and overriders which are said by many to be the same as those fitted to the Ford Consul. By 1979. the tooling for the overriders was worn out and while the bumper blades remained chrome while the overriders were replaced by rubber mouldings.
[edit] The Carbodies FX4
In 1982, Carbodies, who had been producing the FX4 for Austin for some years, took over the intellectual property rights in the FX4 and began to produce them under their own name. The old Austin engine was no longer available due to difficulties with emissions. The plant had been sold to India. Carbodies selected the Land Rover 2495 cc/68 hp diesel engine in its place. The new model was branded the FX4R. The FX4R had some improvements over the previous FX4 models with power steering being available, which is detectable by small bulges on the base of the bonnet, and improved braking. The performance and reliability of the FX4R was however very poor.
Some users replaced the Land Rover engine with the Perkins/Mazda 2977 cc diesel to give a very powerful car. The Perkins-powered FX4R, while powerful and reliable, gained a reputation for being noisy at idle and for causing cracks in the chassis.
An alternative approach was that the refurbishment of old chassis and suspensions and fitting of new bodywork and 2.5 L diesel engines made using the plant exported to India. Because the vehicles used refurbished chassis and suspension components, they were required to have a registration mark ending with the letter Q rather than the current year letter. They were therefore known as the FX4Q or "Q cabs". They lacked power steering but were substantially cheaper than an FX4R. These vehicles were produced by Carbodies but sold by the dealer Rebuilt Cabs Ltd. As of 2006, it is believed that one or two Q cabs remain in service in London.
[edit] The LTI FX4
In 1984 London Taxis International (LTI) was formed by Manganese Bronze Ltd who by then owned both Carbodies, and Mann and Overton.
LTI updated the design to the FX4S using the Land Rover 2.5 L diesel engine. The switch gear which had used toggle switches was updated to rocker switches and the rear compartment was redesigned to allow five passengers rather than the four of the earlier models. The chrome bumper blades were replaced by black, rolled steel ones.
Some observers recognise the FX4W, which was available from early 1986, and enabled the FX4 to be wheelchair accessible, as a separate model. In this variant, the left rear door was made capable of opening 180° and the front/rear divider staggered. Wheelchair access could also be provided as a retrofit to existing vehicles. Its provision became compulsory in London in 2000 resulting in many older cabs retiring from London service, or "being taken off the plate", rather than incurring the expense of a conversion.
The FX4S Plus, introduced in September 1987, replaced the by then very old fashioned Smiths Instruments instrument cluster with that from one of the Austin Rover Group cars. The suspension was also improved.
In February 1989 the Fairway was introduced. It was fitted with a N/A 85bhp 177nm I4 SOHC 2664cc Nissan TD27 diesel engine. This made the FX4 a faster and more reliable car. The braking system was perhaps not quite equal to the task and a number of accidents occurred as drivers were unable to stop safely from high speed. Redesign of the braking system was not straightforward in view of the requirement of a London taxi to have a 7.6 m (25 ft) turning circle. In due course, GKN redesigned the brakes and suspension to allow disc brakes to be fitted at the front while maintaining the tight turning circle. The new brakes can be fitted to older FX4s by replacing the whole front axle very quickly and easily. This version, the Fairway Driver, was the last of the FX4s and the very final one made, with registration mark R1 PFX (i.e. RIP FX), was built on 1 October, 1997 and is now in the National Motor Museum at Beaulieu.
The FX4 was replaced by the modernised TX1 subsequently the TX series, of which the TX4 is the latest (2009) incarnation.
[edit] FL2
The Austin FL2 was the private hire version of the FX4 lacking the top-mounted taxi sign. It could also be ordered with upmarket trim and air conditioning for hotels and similar businesses to use as a courtesy car. It was also sold as a private car, with owners including Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh and Stephen Fry.
