Auchenorrhyncha

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Cicadas, leafhoppers, etc
Red-banded leafhopper, Graphocephala coccinea
Red-banded leafhopper, Graphocephala coccinea
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hemiptera
Suborder: Auchenorrhyncha
Infraorders

Cicadomorpha
Fulgoromorpha

The Auchenorrhyncha is the suborder of the Hemiptera which contains most of the familiar members of what was traditionally called the Hemiptera - groups such as cicadas, leafhoppers, treehoppers, planthoppers, and spittlebugs. The aphids and scale insects are the other well-known "Homoptera", and they are in the suborder Sternorrhyncha. Distributed worldwide, all members of this group are plant-feeders. It is also common for Auchenorrhyncha to produce either audible sounds or substrate vibrations as a form of communication.

Contents

[edit] Classification

There has been a fair bit of debate and uncertainty as to whether the Auchenorrhyncha is a monophyletic group or not; some authors, believing it was not, split it into two suborders, the Clypeorrhyncha (= Cicadomorpha) and the Archaeorrhyncha (= Fulgoromorpha). In the last 10 years there has been evidence to support this interpretation, and the most recent research indicates that the Auchenorrhyncha are indeed a paraphyletic lineage.

A classification of the Auchenorrhyncha is as follows:[1]

  • Infraorder Cicadomorpha (Clypeorrhyncha, Clypeata)
    • Superfamily Cercopoidea (spittlebugs, froghoppers)
      • Aphrophoridae
      • Cercopidae
      • Clastopteridae
      • Machaerotidae
    • Superfamily Cicadoidea (cicadas)
    • Superfamily Membracoidea (Cicadelloidea)
      • Aetalionidae (Biturritiidae)
      • Cicadellidae (Eurymelidae, Hylicidae, Ledridae, Ulopidae,leafhoppers)
      • Melizoderidae
      • Membracidae (Nicomiidae, treehoppers)
      • Myerslopiidae (Cicadellidae, in part)
  • Infraorder Fulgoromorpha (Archaeorrhyncha, planthoppers)

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ C. H. Dietrich in Resh, V. H. & Carde, R. T. (Eds.) 2003 Encyclopedia of Insects. Academic Press.

[edit] References

  • Sorensen J.T., Campbell B.C., Gill R.J., Steffen-Campbell J.D., 1995. Non-monophyly of Auchenorrhyncha ("Homoptera"), based upon 18S rDNA phylogeny: eco-evolutionary and cladistic implications with pre-Heteropteroidea Hemiptera (s.l.) and a proposal for new monophyletic suborders. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 71 (1): 31-60

[edit] External links