Atmospheric vacuum breaker
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An Atmospheric Vacuum Breaker (AVB) is a backflow prevention device used in plumbing to prevent backflow of non-potable liquids into the drinking water system. It is usually constructed of brass and resembles a 90-degree elbow with a hood on its top to allow air to enter the water system if a siphon attempts to form. Inside this elbow is a poppet valve that is held "up" by the water pressure found in the system, closing the air entrance to the device. If the pressure in the "upstream side" is reduced to atmospheric pressure or below, the poppet valve drops and allows air to enter the system, breaking the siphon.
These devices, since they work on atmospheric principles, cannot be installed in an enclosure containing air contaminants. As air is a fluid, those contaminants could be drawn into the device, thus fouling the pipes. The AVB should be installed at least six inches above the highest use downstream.
The AVB is for "Low Hazard" applications only and should not be used with continuous pressure on the device, as the poppet would likely stick and the AVB would no longer function properly. A shutoff valve should never be placed downstream of any AVB, as this would result in continuous pressure on the AVB. The AVB is not a testable device.
