Wikipedia:Articles for creation/2007-03-10
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[edit] Haley Wilde
[edit] Sources71.202.233.160 01:11, 10 March 2007 (UTC) Up and coming pornstar/camgirl/internet model.
CashOverdrive Domain Controller (domains@cashoverdrive.com) +1.8005627855 Fax: 4120 Douglas Blvd. #306-184 Granite Bay, CA 95746 US Creation date: 10 Jan 2006 19:26:12 Expiration date: 10 Jan 2008 19:26:12
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[edit] mr. dokter
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[edit] Southwood Park Public School
Current Principal: Mrs. Pedoodie Current Vice-Principal: Mrs. Stowel [edit] Sources74.118.27.178 01:59, 10 March 2007 (UTC)
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[edit] LaSalle Academy
LaSalle Academy is located in Providence Rhode Island, it is a catholic school. They wear very cute uniforms, yet the tops are slightly unfashionable. The girls wear a gray skirt with a blue/white button up top. They must wear knee-high socks, but they can chose which ones. They also have the option of wearing pants. The boys wear panys with a blue/white button up top. The boys must also wear ties, but they are allowed to chose them. Both boys and girls must wear dress shoes. At LaSalle Academy, or LSA, there is a program called PEGASUS. PEGASUS stands for Program to Enhance the Gifts, Aptitudes and Skills of Unique Students. It is a program for the gifted, and only accepts about 44 students per year. It is for grades 7 & 8. There is a long process which one must go through to get into this program. But the students are always socable and smart! [edit] Sourceshttp://www.lasalle-academy.org/podium/default.aspx?t=2276 http://lasalle-academy.org/ personal knowledge 24.250.46.119 02:09, 10 March 2007 (UTC)
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[edit] King
Michael Courtney is the King of Bradwell Common [edit] SourcesMilton Keynes Citizen 84.13.177.92 02:29, 10 March 2007 (UTC)
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[edit] Tina Canaris
Tina Canaris is a Long Island real estate agent and licensed broker associate. She is widely noted for her advertisements on shopping carts and other various sources of advertisement. In 2006, Tina sold 54 homes. Although at first glance, 54 homes doesn't seem like a humongous number, but a number so large is almost unprecedented for a real estate agent on Long Island. She is the daughter of Cypriot immigrants. Tina is honored as the area's top real estate professional. She is married to Steve Canaris, lives in Bellmore, and she is ranked in the top 1% of real estate agents in the nation. She currently works for Remax. Students from JFK High School often endorse the workings of the "miraculous" Tina Canaris. [edit] Sourceshttp://www.tinacanaris.com/homepage.php 68.194.8.91 02:39, 10 March 2007 (UTC)
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[edit] Harry Khana
[edit] Sources66.91.225.244 02:42, 10 March 2007 (UTC)
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[edit] Stuck With You
Stuck With You Is New Single By rapper Lil' Rob.It is playing alot in Kissfm and Power106fm. The single is not out in itunes [edit] SourcesMe 75.50.229.158 03:06, 10 March 2007 (UTC)
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[edit] UFC 71
Ufc 71 is a future Ufc event. Not much is known yet about this event other then the fight between Tito Ortiz and Rashad Evens. This fight was originally rumored to be Tito Ortiz and Keith "The Dean Of Mean" Jardine, as stated on Tito's website. But in a recent interview with Dana White on CSB Sportsline, he says that the fight between Tito Ortiz and Rashad Evans will take place at Ufc 71. [edit] Sourceshttp://www.mmanews.com/ufc/Ortiz-To-Fight-Rashad-Evans-Not-Jardine-At-UFC-71.html 209.226.237.97 03:11, 10 March 2007 (UTC)
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[edit] Ian Strife
Ian Strife was born in Yram Dnal around the 1900s. His name comes from Strife, meaning disorder, which is frequent in Final Order. Cloud Strife, of Final Fantasy VII would late use the same name. He first appears in the second season, near the middle. However, his presence has been around for the entire series if you’ve paid attention. He has short, dark brown hair and green eyes that seem to glow from underneath his hooded cloak, which he wears around him until the battle with Lord Soahnul where he gives it to Liila. He acts very mysterious throughout the entire series, never actually joining one side. In the end, however, he seems to be on the side of Order, helping the heroes when they need it. There are certain times that his motives seemed evil, such as his Chaos Breaker. However, he never ends up using it on the city of Naram as he said he planned. Ian’s first appearance is in Episode 26, where he met Ryu and the others in front of the Chaos Power plant. He mentioned the robot attacks from Season 1, implying that he was the one who stopped them. After that, he grabs the Portal Gun from Lord Soahnul to help them escape. In Episode 45, we see a flashback to his childhood. When he was a child, at age 15, he fell into a Scarrl pit around his the forest of Yram Dnal. Instead of being digested, he was actually trapped for days because the Scarrl was dead. But a strange lake with sparkling blue water, underground near the hole, leaked in through the sides. Ian didn’t know this liquid was the last remains of the Source. It seems at first that it devours him, but after a flash of light, we see him sealed in a crystallized version of the liquid. Chaos followers would return here 122 years later to claim the Source. They try to use explosives to unearth it, but end up waking Ian from his sleep. We first see the source affects when he levitates out of the deep, fire scorched pit. He hasn’t seemed to age at all since the day he fell in there. He quickly dispatches the followers with his bare hands. Afterwards, he wanders the land for five years, insane, until a kind old woman finds him, collapsed in front of the now buried Source. She gives him the cloak and takes care of him for two years until he is mentally stable once more. This occurs at the same time that Lord Soahnul begins his final plans. What happens next is hard to say, but he ends up joining the battle to fight for his own motives. He also seems to develop romantic feelings for Liila, which makes him slightly bitter towards Ryu at times. In the finale, Ian’s fate is left for the viewer to decide, as he leaps into the Pure Source to stop it long enough for the others to escape. Some views have speculated that he planned to control the Pure Source, but the third season was cancelled, so we’ll never know. (Note: I only have the VHS versions. Copies were extremely limited. If a DVD version comes out, which I sadly doubt, then I will update any changes made.) [edit] Sourceshttp://home.earthlink.net/~robosonic/id16.html 65.40.140.197 03:13, 10 March 2007 (UTC)
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[edit] Rosie Huntington-Whiteley
Few sources are available about Rosie's background, though it is known that she is a distant relative of Queen Victoria. Most notable is her appearance in the 2006 Victoria's Secret Fashion show at the Kodak Theatre in Las Angeles. At this venue, she was seen along side other supermodels such as Adriana Lima, Karolína Kurková and Gisele Bündchen. Fashion show's she has appeared in: Abercrombie & Fitch DKNY French Connection Max Azria Moschino Oscar de la Renta United Bamboo Vera Wang Victoria's Secret (see note above) [edit] Sourceshttp://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/Rosie_Huntington-Whiteley http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4153/is_20051111/ai_n15843094
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[edit] Buddy Branscomb
[edit] Sourceswww.myspace,com/buddy71b 68.37.67.145 04:48, 10 March 2007 (UTC)
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[edit] KOVE-FM
KOVE-FM is known as K-Love, not to be confused with stations of Educational Media Foundation. Channel has actually been occupied by two different stations, a 1968 grant called KGBC-FM, later KESY, KUFO, KXKX, and KQQK. After a license hearing a new station (also called KQQK) took over the channel. KQQK gave way to KQBU-FM and later KOVE-FM (see www.fccinfo.com station KOVE-FM). Galveston, Texas 1540 KGBC (AM) Galveston, Texas had started an FM on February 11, 1968. Their KGBC-FM was located on Pelican Island, across a bay from the main part of Galveston. The FM studios and transmitter were located at the KGBC (AM) towers and studio site. KGBC (AM) had been on since 1947. Frequency was 106.5. Power was 26,000 watts, horizontal only at 195 feet above average terrain. The minimum power in those days (for a class C channel) was 25,000 watts. The station obtained equipment from Gates Radio division of Harris Intertype Corporation. They used an FM-5H transitter and a six bay horizontal only antenna located on one of two KGBC (AM) towers. The station ran an easy listening format as KGBC-FM. Later it was known as KESY (FM). In 1974 the station was sold by Harbor Broadcasting to Beacon Broadcasting. The Beacon principals were local Galveston businessmen. They were not radio experts, but had been in town, and had seen certain things. An AM station across town (KILE (AM)) had studios in a 'fishbowl' studio in the lobby of the Galvez Hotel in Galveston. An FM between Gaveston and Houston had once been located near NASA and used the call letters KMSC standing for "Manned Space-Craft" center. The owners had seen an unusually shaped building in Houston (an hour's drive away)at a car dealer. They got one of the mushroom shaped buildings, arranged to install it on the property of the Flagship Hotel (built out over water on a long concrete pier)and moved their refurbished station in it. The new operation was dubbed KUFO because of the space ship like building. The Antenna and transmitter remained at the former sister AM on Pelican Island. Leased telephone circuits carried program and control signals to the distant transmitter, and metering signals back to the studios. The new KUFO format was Album Oriented Pop music. The station affiliated with the ABC Radio Network's American FM network (newscasts at :15 after) and featured an artist spotlight at 10pm "The 10pm Album Replay". KUFO also maintained (at least in summer of 1977) a remote studio at the west end of Galveston Island. What it did isanyone's guess. The 106.5 got a permit to move it's antenna to Texas City, Texas (near Galveston but on the way toward Houston) for a 700 foot tower and 100,000 watts. This would be built a few years later by the next owners of the station. Competitively the station was the equal of only the local and nearby Am stations. 1400 KILE (AM) was Top 40, 1540 KGBC (AM) was middle of road, and 920 KTLW was a daytimer playing Country and Western. When they started KUFO, most Houston FM stations were located on a mast atop the One Shell Building (at about 790 feet and 100,000 watts)that was 60 miles from Galveston. After 1982 most FMs moved to a new 2,000 foot tower near Missouri City, Texas. This was only a mile or two closer to Galveston, but the extra height made the stations nearly local grade in Galveston. When the "new" station hit the air the call letters were changed to KQQK (In Spanish pronounced KAH-COO-COO-KAH) and the format was changed to a very uptempo mix of songs and KUFO sold to Marr Broadcasting in late 1979. The new owners knew they needed more studio and office space, and that they likely would want it closer to Houston. They were also going to put up a bigger tower and play to an area beyond Galveston and Texas City. Because of the changes, the new owners took the station silent for most of the next three years. When renewal came up in 1983, they had to explain that the station had only been on the air for about six months of the 36 month license period. A competitor for the facility San jacinto Broadcasting (Ben Walker & Edith L. Baker)filed for a new station and a hearing ensued. A really new station (new file number, new owners) signed on after the hearing resulted in a settlement between old and proposed new owners. The new station also called itself KQQK and used the 700 foot tower in Texas City. In 1993 the station sold to a new company, and moved to a 1,375 foot tower near Hitchcock, Texas. That plant is now known as KOVE-FM. [edit] Sourceswww.fcc.gov hearing transcript www.fccinfo.com 76.184.37.159 06:04, 10 March 2007 (UTC)
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[edit] roles of robots on surgical operations
The Role of Robots on Surgical Operations
Chapter 1 Introduction Robots in Surgical Operation Imagine ourselves being cured in a surgery without even being touched by the surgeon, amazing, this is one of the astonishing features that robotic surgery can give to the people and in the society. Just as the computers revolutionized the latter of the half of the 20th century, the field of robotics has potential to equally alter how we live in the present and in the future. We have already seen how robots have changed the manufacturing of care. And other consumer goods by stream lining and speeding up the assembly line. We even have robotic lawn mowers and robotic pets. And robots have enabled us to see places that humans are not yet able to visit, such as other planets and depths of the ocean. In the coming decades, we will se robots that have artificial intelligence, coming to resemble the human that create them. They will eventually become self-aware and conscious, and be able to do anything that human can, especially on the field of medicine wherein surgeries are made more possible through the aid of the brilliants inventions of man “the robots”. The word robot evokes many different thoughts and images, perhaps conflicting ones. Some may think of a metal humanoid, others of an industrial arm, and yet more may think, unfortunately, of a lost job. In the field of medical robotics, the word robot is just as fuzzily defined, with many different applications. These range from simplistic laboratory robots, to highly complex surgical robots that can either aid a man or execute operations by themselves. Robotic surgery is a process in which robots are being used in performing surgeries and operations. The three major advances aided by the surgical robots have been remote surgery, minimally invasive surgery and unmanned surgery. The first generation of surgical robots is already being installed in a number of operating rooms around the world. These machines are autonomous, that still requires a human surgeon to operate them and input instructions. Robotics is being introduced to medicine because they allow for unprecedented control and precision of surgical instruments in minimally invasive procedures. For this time, these machines have been used to position an endoscope, perform gall bladder surgery and correct gastroesophogeal reflex and heartburn. The ultimate goal of robotic surgery field is to design a robot that can be used to perform closed-chest, beating-heart surgery which can be a life saving procedure in the near future. Robotic devices could be used in more than 3.5 million medical procedures such as neurosurgery, urology, cardiothoracic surgery, general surgery, gynecologic surgery, urologic surgery, robotic lung surgery that can compensate in the process of aiding a certain disorder in the body. Scope and Delimitation The scope of this research focuses on robotic surgery. We tackled in this paper the history of Robotic Surgery, its uses, and its advantages and disadvantages. We did not further discuss complicated issues about the subject matter. Since Robotic Surgery is a broad topic, we decided to include in this research only the most important things we need to know that we could share to our future readers and researchers as well. Statement of the Problem The researchers intend to find answers to explain some vague points regarding the topic on the robotic surgery, the researchers are ought to answer the following questions: 1. What is robotic surgery? 2. What is the history of robotic surgery? 3. What is the role of robot in surgical operation? 4. How is robotic surgery used in operation? 5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of robotic surgery? Importance of the Study The prospects of this study is to eliminate the word “impossible” in the world of surgical operations with the aids of robots in operating rooms. One of robotic surgery’s most important functions is to bring remedy to cure a certain illness or diseases that the robots can make in a major or minor surgery. Relating this study in the present situation of our country, the use of robots in some surgical operations will have an impact on our surgeons and nurses. Knowing the fact that the unbalanced ratio between nurses and surgeons who are responsible in performing this surgical operation is declining due to a great demand abroad. Surgeons and doctors tend to shift to other field, like in nursing because they want to grab the opportunity to have a better life in states. In this situation, the importance of robotic surgery is rarely needed. Robots will become the substitute or maybe used in the absence for the evacuation of surgeons and doctors. Robot will be doing the primary role of a health care provider wherein they are being used in major operation, if not to save life but lengthen the lives of the people. The study on robotic surgery could lead to greater number of surgical procedures that can help to preserve the quality of life and to help more people to enjoy and see for a longer time the beauty of the creation of God. Definition of Terms To have a common frame of reference, the following terms were defined according how they were used in the study. 1. Robotic Surgery- the use of robots in performing surgery 2. Cyber Knife- this surgical instrument enables the non-invasive ablation of small brain tumors 3. Surgical Robots- are mechanical devices that provide assistance to surgeons 4. Laparoscopic Surgery- a general term for procedures that reduce trauma by performing operations through small ports rather than large incisions. It is sometimes called minimally invasive surgery 5. Da Vinci Surgical System- it is a computer-enhanced minimally invasive surgical system. It consists of three parts: endoscope, instrument tips and viewer Chapter 2 Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data Obtained I. Robotic Surgery The modern way of surgery with the aid of robots. These robots are mechanical devices that provide assistance to surgeons, while letting the human staff concentrate on more crucial aspects of the surgery. Three major advances aided by surgical robots have been remote surgery, minimally invasive surgery, and unmanned surgery. Major potential advances of robotic surgery are precision and miniaturization. Further advances are articulation beyond normal manipulation and three-dimensional magnification. Some surgical robots are autonomous, and they are not always under the control of the surgeon. They are only sometimes used as tools to extend the surgical skills of a trained surgeon. A. History of Robotic Surgery The history of robotics in surgery begins with the PUMA 560, a robot used in 1985 by Kwoh to perform neurosurgical biopsies with greater precision. Three years later, Davies performed a transurethral resection of the prostate using the PUMA 560. This system eventually led to the development of PROBOT, a robot designed specifically for transurethral resection of the prostate. While PROBOT was being developed, Integrated Surgical Supplies Ltd. Of Sacramento, CA, was developing ROBODOC, a robotic system designed to machine the femur with greater precision in hip replacement surgeries. ROBODOC was the first surgical robot approved by the FDA. Since 1921, when Czech playwright Karel Capek introduced the notion and coined the term robot in his play Rossom’s Universal Robots, robots have taken on increasingly more importance both in imagination and reality. Robot, taken from the Czech Robota, meaning forced labor, has evolved in meaning form dumb machines that perform menial, repetitive task to the highly intelligent anthropomorphic robots of popular culture. Although today’s robots are still unintelligent machines, great strides have been made in expanding their utility. Today robots are used to perform highly specific, highly precise, and dangerous task in industry and research previously not possible with a human work force. Robots are routinely used to manufacture microprocessors used in computers, explore the deep sea, and work in hazardous environment to name a few. Robotics, however, has been slow to enter the field of medicine. In 1992, the ROBODOC from Integrated Surgical System was introduced, a robot to will out precise fittings in the femur for hip replacement surgery. At the same year, Intuitive surgical introduced the Da Vinci Surgical System. The Da Vinci is a surgical robot enabling surgeons to perform complex surgeries in a minimally invasive way. Computer Motion introduced also the AESOP and the ZEUS robotic surgical system in that same year. In the year 2001 Mareseaux used the ZEUS robot to perform a cholecystectomy on a patient in France while he was in New York. In 2002, Dr. Noel Tulipan used the Da Vinci robot to perform in utero surgery on animal models hoping to later transfer the approach to humans. Powered by state-of-the-art robotic technology the surgeon hand movements are skilled, filtered and seamlessly translated into pre use movements of the Endowrist Instruments. In 2003, John R. Adler develop the field of Image Guided Robotic radio-surgery with his invention of the Cyberknife, a surgical instrument that enables the non-invasive ablation of small brain tumors. January 15, 2004, the use of the computer assisted surgery system. ROBODOC in Evergreen Hospital to replace worn hips probably has made a great impact in their society. In September 21, 2006 the first Bionic arm was attached to a woman. It’s the stuff of science fiction: a prosthetic arm that can be moved just by thinking about it and that can feel heat and the pressure of a handshake. It became a reality for US Marine Claudia Mitchell two years after she lost her arm to a motorcycle, researchers said last week. The bionic arm is controlled by rerouting nerves in Mitchell’s thoughts. The first major advancement in prosthetics since World War II, the bionic arm allows amputees a significantly higher level of functionality. They can open jars, reach up to high shelves and dress themselves with more ease. Researchers are hoping the bionic arms can be used to aid the more than 400 people who lost their limbs while serving in the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. (Copied from http://manilatimes.net/national/2006/sept/21/yehey/world/2006921wor5.html). Recently the University of Calgary has began testing its neuroArm robot built by MacDonald Dettwiler’s MD robotics division. II. Robots on Surgical Operations A. Applications of Robotic Surgical System 1. Microsurgery Microsurgery can be done through a microscopic robot hand. It consists of four “fingers” each of which is made from six silicon wafers, with polymer balloons doing the work of “muscles” at the wafers’ joints. Each balloon is connected with narrow channels through which air is pumped in or out. When a balloon is inflated, the distance between two joints decreases, and the fingers flexes inward. Upon deflation, the fingers relax. And with selective inflation and deflation, researchers are able to manipulate the fingers into clasping or releasing an object. “The field of microsurgery and minimally invasive surgery is currently dominated by grippers and tools that are mounted at the end of long, rigid aluminum rods,” Albert Pisano, a mechanical engineer at the University of California, Berckeley, and a leader in such a research, told Technology Review. “Certainly these are adequate for many purposes, but now that functional microhands are developed, one can visualize a new set of minimally invasive surgical tools that allow the surgeon additional dexterity in complicated procedures.” 2. Neurosurgery Neurosurgeon John R. Adler developed the field of Image-Guided Robotic Radiosurgery with his invention of the Cyberknife. This surgical instrument as what I have said above enables the non-invasive ablation of small brain tumors. Technological refinements now make it possible to use the Cyberknife to eliminate tumors virtually anywhere in the body. The PUMA was the first system for stereotactic interventions. Another robot is the Neuromate (Integrated Surgical Systems). The PathFinder stereotactic robot has been used recently in Europe, procedures including introduction of electrodes for deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease. At Vanderbilt Medical Center in 2002, Dr. Noel Tulipan used the Da Vinci Robot to perform in utero surgery on gravid animal models hoping to later transfer the approach to humans. This approach would have been used to improve the in utero surgical correction of some common spinal malformations known as spina bifida. 3. Coronary Artery Bypass Surgeons conclude that robotically assisted endoscopic coronary bypass surgery showed favorable short-term outcomes with no adverse events and found robotic assistance is an enabling technology that allows surgeons to perform endoscopic coronary anastosomes. Surgeons conducted a multicenter clinical trial of robotically assisted coronary bypass grafting. In this study 32 patients scheduled for primary coronary surgery underwent endoscopic anastomosis of the LITA to LAD. Two-month follow-up revealed a graft patency of 93%. This study concluded that robotic assisted coronary bypass grafting is feasible. 4. Tumors of the Esophagus The treatment of benign and malignant tumors of the esophagus can now be approach through many minimally invasive and robotic techniques. For patients with esophageal cancer, minimally invasive and robotic techniques are being applied in the removal of the entire esophagus. These techniques help to improve recovery ad decrease pain in patients. Benign tumors and cysts in the esophagus are able to be approached and treated using VATS and robotic techniques. This saves the patient the pain and the long recovery periods associated with large thoracotomies. 5. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Presently, our surgeons perform minimally invasive anti-reflux surgery through small incisions in the abdomen. Patients’ hospital stay is decreased to 1-2 days and they are able to return to full activity within 2 weeks after surgery. Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common disease affecting millions of people in the world. Common symptoms of heartburn, regurgitation, cough and asthma may be related to GERD. Medical management is very successful in managing many of the symptoms of this disease. However, patients who do not respond to medical therapy ma y be candidates for surgical correction of the esophageal anti-reflux mechanism. 6. Thymectomy The thymus gland is situated under the sternum. There are several reasons that necessitate removal of this gland, including thymomas and myasthenia gravis. Previously, patients required large sternotomies in order to remove the thymus gland. Minimally invasive incisions and robotic technology now allow our surgeons to routinely remove the thymus gland for tumors or in the treatment of myasthenia gravis through smaller incisions and a less invasive manner. Our surgeons performed the world’s first complete endoscopic robotic thymectomy for myasthenia gravis. Our minimally invasive techniques and robotic technology enable our patients to return to normal activity quicker and experience less pain. 7. Gynecologic Surgery Traditional open gynecologic surgery, using a large incision for access to the uterus and surrounding anatomy, has for many years been the standard approach to many gynecologic procedures. Yet with open surgery can come significant pain, trauma, a long recovery process and threat to surrounding organs and nerves. For women facing gynecologic surgery, the period of pain, discomfort and extended time away from normal daily activities that usually follows traditional surgery can understandably cause significant anxiety. Fortunately, less invasive options are available. Some gynecologic procedures enable surgeons to access the target anatomy using a vaginal approach, which may not require an external incision. But for complex hysterectomies and other gynecologic procedures, robot-assisted surgery with the da Vinci Surgical System may be the most effective, least invasive treatment option. Through tiny, 1-2 cm incisions, surgeons using the da Vinci system can operate with greater precision and control, minimizing the pain and risk associated with large incisions while increasing the likelihood of a fast recovery and excellent clinical outcomes. 8. Pediatrics Surgical robotics has been used in many types of pediatric surgical procedures including: tracheoesophageal fistula repair, cholecystectomy, nissen fundoplication, morgagni hernia repair, kasai portoenterostomy, congenital diaphragmatic hernia repair and others. On January 17, 2002 surgeons at Children’s Hospital of Michigan in Detroit performed the nation’s first advanced computer-assisted robot-enhanced surgical procedure at a children’s hospital. 9. Urology The robotic surgical system has proven itself to be highly effective for the minimally invasive surgical treatment of prostate cancer. In prostatectomy, in which the target site is not only tightly confined but also surrounded by nerves affecting urinary control and sexual function, the robotic surgical system provides an integrated set of technologies that enable very precise surgery. Using the articulating instrumentation of the robotic surgical system, the surgeon has a range of 8mm tools to excise the cancerous prostate while potentially sparing the surrounding nerve bundles. This precision in addition to high-definition 3D visualization enhance the surgeon’s ability to perform in a very controlled and repeatable manner. The result for the patient is a better operation for the removal of cancer and a quicker recovery. 10. Cardiac Surgery Cardiac surgery has traditionally been performed through a long cut through the breastbone. This has given good exposure to the heart, but comes at the expense of prolonged discomfort and pain, not to mention an unattractive scar. Cardiac surgeons have tried to do operations through smaller incisions but have been limited by the size of their hands and the ability of instruments to perform complex movements at a distance. Inability to see well through a small cut has been another major limitation. The robotic surgical system has resolved these problems. The robotic surgical system is a highly sophisticated device that consists of a high resolution 3D surgical telescope, three arms with endoscopic wrist that work like human wrists, but are tiny in comparison, and a surgeon console from which the surgeon has complete and accurate control of both the telescope and operating arms. We are now able to offer patients complex cardiac surgical operations through a 4cm incision in naturally occurring skin creases. 11. Congenital Cardiac Surgery Over the past 5 years, robotic system that combine advanced endoscopic imaging with computer-enhanced instrument control have been used for both coronary revascularization and intracardiac procedures in adult. In addition, endscope positioning systems and articulated instruments with a robotic wrist mechanism have further expanded the potential application for robotics in cardiac surgery. In pediatric cardiac surgery, potential application can be divided into simple scope manipulation versus the use 3-dimensional imaging and the robotic wrist for dissection and reconstruction. A voice-controlled robotic arm for scope manipulation can facility current pediatric thoracoscopic procedures such as ligation of patent ductus arteriosus and division of vascular rings. By using advance imaging system along with a robotic wrist, more complex extracardiac and even intracardiac procedures can be performed in children. Examples include coarctation repair, septal defect repair, and mitral or tricuspid valvuplasty. Furthermore, with adequate intracardiac imaging, are robot-assisted off-pump approach to intracardiac pathology is conceivable. New real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography now offers sufficient resolution to enable such procedures, while the addition of instrument tracking, haptic feedback, and novel tissue fixation devices can facilitate safe and reliable intracardiac repair without extracorporeal circulation. 12. Robotic Ocular Surgery Using a robotic surgical system, ocular microsurgery was performed with repair of a corneal laceration in porcine model. The experiments were performed on harvested porcine eyes in placed in an anatomical position using a foam head on a standard operating room table. A video scope and two, 360 degree-rotating, 8-mm, wrested-end effector instruments were placed over the eye with three robotic arms. The surgeon performed the actual procedures while positioned at a robotic system console that was located across the operating room suite. Each surgeon placed three 10-0 sutures, and this was documented with still and video photography. B. Robots in Action Robotic surgical system basically consists of three parts, namely the endoscope, the instrument tips and the viewer. These are the basic concept behind robotic surgical system. In the Endoscope and the Viewer, the surgeon sits in the console of the surgical system several feet from the patient. The surgeon looks through the vision system-like a pair of binoculars- and gets a huge, 3D view of 3d view of inside the patient’s body and area of operation. The surgeon while watching through the vision system, moves the handle on the console in the directions he wants to move the surgical instruments. The handles make the surgeon to make movements and operate for more period of time without getting tired. The robotic system translates and transmits these precise hand and wrist movements to tiny instruments that have been inserted to the patients through small access incisions. This is now the instrument tips of the Robotic Surgery system. This combination of increased view and tireless dexterity is helping the surgeons to overcome some limitations of other types of less invasive surgery. This will also allow surgeons to use minimally invasive surgery for more complex operations for patients comfort. This makes Robotic Surgery different from the traditional way of surgery. Because of its versatility, Robotic Surgery is use in a variety of surgical procedures such as microsurgery, neurosurgery etc. C. Specific Features of Robotic Surgery One type of the Robotic Surgical System is the Da Vinci. The Da Vinci Surgical System is working behind these technologies, the Insite Vision System, the surgical Carf and the Surgeon Console. The Insite Vision System gives the surgeon a true minimally invasive 3D view of the surgical field. It includes dual 3-drip digital cameras that take surgery “inside’ the patient. It is the only 3D vision that offers enhanced depth of field and resolution. The 3-D image is aligned over the master controls, providing natural hand-eye coordination that is inherent in open surgery. Next is the surgical cart, it works with the endowrist instruments. These instrument are designed to mimic the movement of the surgeon’s hand, wrists and fingers. This reproduce the exact movements of the surgeon’s hand and extend the normal hand range motion, allowing the more precise suturing, dissection and tissue manipulation. Last is the Surgeon Console which contains the master control that surgeons use to manipulate the endowrist instruments. The surgeon actually operates from the surgeon console which contains both video monitor showing the 3-D image and the master controls used to manipulate the EndoWrist instrument. D. Advantages Robotic Surgical System The advantages of robotic surgical systems are many because they overcome many of the obstacles of laparoscopic surgery. They increase dexterity, restore proper hand-eye coordination and an ergonomic position, improve visualization, patients will experience lesser pain, fast recovery and favorable outcome. These robotic system enhance dexterity in several ways. Instruments with increased degrees of freedom greatly enhance the surgeon’s ability to manipulate instruments and thus the tissues. These systems are designed so that the surgeon’s tremor can be compensated on the end-effector motion through appropriate hardware and software filters. In addition, these sytems can scale movements so that large movements of the control grips can be transformed into micromotions inside the patient. Another important advantage is the restoration of proper hand-eye coordination and an ergonomic position. These robotic systems eliminate the fulcrum effect, making instrument manipulation more intuitive. With the surgeon sitting at remote, ergonomically designed workstation, current systems also eliminate the need to twist and turn in awkward positions to move the instruments and visualize the monitor. Enhanced vision afforded by these systems is also remarkable. The 3-dimensional view with depth perception is a marked improvement over the conventional laparoscopic camera views. Also to one’s advantage is the surgeon’s ability to directly control a stable visual field with increased magnification and maneuverability. All of this creates images with increased resolution that, combined with the increased degrees of freedom and enhanced dexterity, greatly enhances the surgeon’s ability to identify and dissect anatomic structures as well as to construct microanatosomes. The robotic surgical system also guarantees the patient to experience lesser pain due to smaller incisions made and through the non-invasive methods being applied. These methods also assures the patient of faster recovery and more favorable outcome than the traditional way of surgery. E. Disadvantages Robotic Surgical System There are also some disadvantages of robotic surgical system. This is a new technology and its uses and efficacy have not yet been well established. To date, mostly studies of feasibility have been conducted and almost no long-term follow-up studies have been performed. Many procedures will also have to be redesigned to optimize the use of robotic arms and increase efficiency. However, time will most likely remedy these disadvantages. Another disadvantage of these systems is their cost. With a price tag of a million dollars, their cost is nearly prohibitive. Whether the price of these systems will rise or fall s a matter of conjecture. Some believe that with improvements in technology and as more experience is gained with robotic systems, the price will fall. Others believe that improvements in technology, such as haptics, increased processor speeds, and more complex and capable software will increase the cost of these systems. F. Robotic Surgery versus the Conventional Surgery Table 1. Advantages and Disadvantages of Robot-Assisted Surgery versus Conventional Surgery Human Strengths Robot Strengths • Strong hand-eye coordination • Dexterous • Flexible and adaptable • Can integrate extensive and diverse information • Rudimentary haptic abilities • Able to use qualitative information • Good judgment Easy to instruct and debrief • Good geometric accuracy • Stable and untiring • Scale motion • Can use diverse sensors in control • May be sterilized • Resistant to radiation and infection
Conclusion From this research we have learned that robots are of great help in surgeries. This modern treatment technology has made a great impact on our society especially in the field of medicine. This robotic-assisted surgery have started with a humble beginning, from a robotic-assisted neurological surgery to a hip replacement surgical robot has branches out to give a more sufficient management in dealing to a certain complaint. With its highly sophisticated systems patients are guaranteed with comfort, safety, faster recovery, lesser pain and a quality health care delivery. This will also decrease hospital stay making now the patient more productive on his lifestyle rather using the traditional method of surgery where in the recovery time is longer and the length duration of stay in the hospital is longer. We therefore can say that this breakthrough in technology is of an enormous impact in prolonging the life of the people. Recommendation We therefore recommend to our fellow paramedical students and to all the people to conduct a further study about robotic surgery for us to have a better and broader knowledge about the new trends in medical procedures of this day. This research is of a great help in the fast changing world where in different illnesses comes out and to those who want to have a quicker result on any surgery made, the answer is robotic surgery. Literature Cited This acknowledges the websites visited that serve as our references in this term paper. http://bjo.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/91/1/18 http://www.cityofhope.org/Media/ReleasesMedSci/RoboticEsophagusRemoval10-27-04.htm http://www.davincisurgery.com/procedures/cardiothoracic/index.aspx http://www.davincisurgery.com/procedures/urologic /index.aspx http://www.davincisurgery.com/procedures/urologic/clinical_ref.aspx http://electronics.howstuffworks/robotic-surgery1.htm http://electronics.howstuffworks/robotic-surgery2.htm http://www.genengnews.com/news/bnitem.aspx?name=13186023 http://www.hoise.com/vmw/04/articles/vmw/LV-VM-02-04-30.HTML http://manilatimes.net/national/2006/sept/21/yehey/world/2006921wor5.html http://www.medgadget.com/archives/2007/01/a_tiny_robotic_1.html http://members.tripod.com/dr_venky/surl.html http://news.thomasnet.com/IMT/archives/2007/02/engineers_develop_tiny_robotic_microhand.html http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&list_uids=12740773&cmd=retrieve&indexed=google http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1356187 http://www.roboticheartsurgery.com.au/ http://www.slrcsurgery.com/center/minimallyinvasive_robotic.html http://stronghealth.com/services/surgical/aboutdavinci.cfm {{subst:afc copy}} Nol888(Talk)(Review me please) 12:18, 10 March 2007 (UTC) |
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[edit] Joe Jordan
[edit] Sources71.202.44.80 07:38, 10 March 2007 (UTC)
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[edit] Boom Jinx
[edit] BiographyOistein Johan Eide is a Norwegian DJ who works as a freelance music composer, and has created music for video games (in 1991) and over 50 commercials. His music is also featured in cinima and television shows. Songs played on the radio were made under the pseudonym Boom Jinx, which allowed him to make music with more freedom. He is currently signed to british record label, Ajunabeats. [edit] Discography
[edit] SourcesThe official Boom Jinx site [1] 74.117.173.87 08:54, 10 March 2007 (UTC)
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[edit] This Week in Science
[edit] Sources195.168.244.97 10:27, 10 March 2007 (UTC)
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[edit] summertown sonics
the summertown sonics are an u14 basketball club with their training ground in marston ferry north oxford. last year they entered the u13 oxford league and made the play-offs onlyto be knocked out by black bird leys which won with one point. this year with new fresh players an 11 of their players being accepted into the county team summertown is way on their way to a championship. [edit] triviasummertown sonics recently won the oxfor brookes team which are the reining champions by 84-34 to summertown. [edit] Sourceswww.leaguelineup.com/ox-ballerz www.leaguelineup.com/teams_basketball.asp?sid=13078091&url=ox-ballerz&divisionid=223570&teamid=1306424 81.151.79.5 10:52, 10 March 2007 (UTC)
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[edit] TTTYG
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[edit] Parviz Fatah & Parviz FATAH
[edit] Sources71.105.240.214 14:39, 10 March 2007 (UTC) Y Done - Parviz Fatah (the latter all caps link is probably not necessary). Part Deux 16:33, 10 March 2007 (UTC) |
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[edit] Dovercourt Wallace-Emerson Junction
[edit] Sources-http://www.canadaboard.com/crime/bigmap.html -http://wallaceemerson.ca/wiki/wiki.php -http://www.digin.ca/ -http://ca.epodunk.com/profiles/ontario/wallace-emerson/2009806.html -http://www.torontoneighbourhoods.net/regions/toronto_west/60_overview.html 69.158.166.20 14:49, 10 March 2007 (UTC) |
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[edit] Content Reference Forum
[edit] Sourceshttp://www.crforum.org/ http://www.drmwatch.com/standards/article.php/3287401 http://www.consortiuminfo.org/links/detail.php?ID=250 http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20031210-3189.html 71.116.163.185 15:15, 10 March 2007 (UTC) |
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[edit] Hallett Motor Racing Circuit
Hallett is an inexpensive, very well maintained course, and underwent recent resurfacing in early 2007. It is an excellent example of a course which does not biased to high horsepower or momentum favored vehicals. It hosts many events, including "Miata's at Hallett" which brings hundreds of participants from around the US. http://www.hallettracing.net/images/halletthomeimage.jpg [edit] Sources209.116.240.11 16:54, 10 March 2007 (UTC) |
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[edit] The Safety Services Company
Safety Services Company, established in 2002 is dedicated to keeping companies in compliance with OSHA’s (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) state and federal standards. The Main Headquarters is located in Yuma Arizona, where safety advisors aid companies with their OSHA safety compliance needs; whether it is a tailgate/toolbox safety program, safety manuals, safety videos, or something as minimal as OSHA posters. Safety Services Company also provides bilingual material for Spanish speaking employees within the construction and manufacturing industry. Safety Services Company recognizes the need for companies to stay safe and have partnered with various trade associations to promote safety in the varying and unique construction trades. [edit] Sourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osha www.safety2u.com http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Act Brazenalter 17:19, 10 March 2007 (UTC)
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[edit] Ed Weir Track Stadium
The Ed Weir Track Stadium is a sports facility in Lincoln-Nebraska that serves special sports track requirments. It is particularly used by the gay American Football of the Univeristy The facility is also open for heterosexual players, but is mostly dedicted to gay atheletes. Since most of the sports played at The Unievrsity of Nebraska-Lincoln are of a homosexual nature ( i.e. American Football, Lacrrosse and Baseball) most users of this complex are gay. [edit] Sources65.31.194.1 17:24, 10 March 2007 (UTC)
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[edit] Stepping Out
Stepping Out is a 1991 film starring Liza Minnelli and written by Richard Harris. It is a musical comedy with Minnelli playing the role of a has-been Broadway performer who teaches tap lesson to a group of misfits. The group realise what they really can achienve when asked to perform for a charity gala. The film also stars Jane Krakowski, Julie Walters, and Shelley Winters. [edit] Sourceswww.imdb.com/title/tt0102979/ www.channel4.com/film/reviews/film.jsp?id=108731 86.149.163.202 17:37, 10 March 2007 (UTC)
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[edit] Surkanda Devi Temple
Surkanda devi temple is situated close to Dhanaulti and is at an altitude greater than 10000 ft. It is surrounded by dense forests and affords a scenic view of the surrounding cities ( Dehradun, Rishikesh etc. ) The gange dussera festival is celebrated every year between May and June and attracts a lot of people. It is located on a hill and one has to climb a steep 1.5 Km on foot after driving maybe to the foot of the hill. Legend has it that the head of the charred body of Goddess Sati fell here when Lord Shiva was taking her remains along with him after she give her life in the yajna started by her father. [edit] Sourceshttp://tehri.nic.in/TOURIST/surkanda1.htm http://www.gmvnl.com/newgmvn/districts/tehri/sarkhanda_devi.aspx 122.167.123.104 18:36, 10 March 2007 (UTC)
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[edit] VMA Ultimate
VMA Ultimate is a help & support site that was created in 2003. Anyone can join the website by signing up at El Padrino's Barrio, http://www.freewebs.com/elpadrinosbarrio. You just have to click on join us & fill out the form. The leader of the site, Vidal Mario, had about 27 people in the year 2006. It provides some downloads & some information on joining & the perposes. The site was created using Freewebs, a free hosting website creation site. VMA Ultimate's link is http://www.freewebs.com/vmaultimate. As before Vidal made some sites for his members that join. Music that is used online is mainly reggaeton such as Manny Montes, Tego Calderon, Zion, & others. The site is developing & will be a popular help & support site. Vidal's following members are Kyle Kutscher, Emily Abel, Victor Lopez, Miley Cyrus, & Corbin Bleu.
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[edit] Roger Narbett M.O.G.B
Roger David Narbett M.O.G.B, is a celebrity chef, wokring for the English Football Association, catering for the English football team. He is particularly notable for his announcement that the team would be taking extra Jaffa Cakes to the 2002 FIFA World Cup in South Korea and Japan. Jaffa Cakes sales increased as a result of Narbett's announcment on BBC Radio FIVE LIVE. [edit] Sourceshttp://www.dine-online.co.uk/lygchef.htm, http://www.bcftcs.ac.uk/asp/NewsFull.asp?UID=%7B041A3FCD-7BC9-4204-BB8B-464298543978%7D, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/1964578.stm
Declined. Making an announcement does not make you notable. I don't see much information about the subject, like where and when he was born, etc. --Boricuaeddie 18:37, 11 August 2007 (UTC) |
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[edit] Gerry Murphy (Irish Poet)
[edit] Sourceshttp://www.munsterlit.ie/southword/Reviews/Gerry_Murphy/gerry_murphy.html 86.41.76.80 20:34, 10 March 2007 (UTC) |
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[edit] Apollo3
[edit] Sources88.91.113.149 20:36, 10 March 2007 (UTC)
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[edit] Endurance@DK
Endurance@DK is a reality type show that is for pre-teens and older. [edit] Sourcesdiscoverykids.com
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[edit] St Louis Grammar, Ballymena
St Louis Grammar is a Grammar School in Ballymena. It offers a wide range of subject choices for GCSE including Music, Art, Design and Technology, Maths, Add Maths, PE , Double Award Scicence, Single Award Science, Physics, Biology, Chemistry, French, German, Irish, English, RE, SES (PSE/PSHE), Geography and History. Entry to the school is based on results of the 11+ paper, where most entreants have recieved an A or B. A wide range of sujects are offered for A level, with a necessary 6 B grades in GCSE necessory, and a B in each of the four subjects chosen to study for AS level. The School offers a wide range of extra circullar activities such as football, hurling and netball. [edit] Sourceswww.ulster.ac.uk/staffdev/St%20Louis%20Gr%20School.ppt http://www.stlouisgrammar.com/
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[edit] IP Address Subnetting - Level I
I. Needs Analysis a. Study carefully the Present Needs/Future Projected Needs of the Network i. Physical Network (Hardware) ii. Subnets and Hosts (Software) II. Physical Network: Implementation of improvements to the Network with projected plans for future growth a. Meet the requirements of the Needs Analysis (present and projected needs) III. Create the Custom Subnet Mask including the appropriate number of: a. Subnet IDs and Addresses b. Host IDs and Addresses IV. Test the system virtually to confirm that all of the Subnets and Host addresses function appropriately NEEDS ANALYSIS In order to subnet the provided IP address and meet the needs of the client, one starts with the class of the default subnet mask. The SNM class determines the available Subnet ID/Host ID combinations. This enables one to analyze the needs of the client’s network and match it with the most appropriate subnet choices. Class A 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000 255.0.0.0 Class B 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000 255.255.0.0 Class C 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 255.255.255.0 Binary numbering is an essential aspect of working with subnetting. Needs analysis of the physical network includes: 1. Counting the number of present physical subnets on the network 2. Projecting the increase of physical subnets in the near future 3. Counting the number of hosts on the largest subnet 4. Projecting the largest number of hosts on a subnet in the near future PLAN THE PHYSICAL NETWORK While planning the physical network, one needs to remember: 1 A Physical Segment is a Broadcast Domain o Include all devices out of a port of a Router or between two Routers o Ignore Repeaters, Bridges, or Switches 2 One Physical Segment per Network ID 3 Multiple Physical Segments o Require a Custom Subnet Mask CREATE THE CUSTOM SUBNET MASK Three things to keep in mind while creating a Custom Subnet Mask 1. Every subnet in the network has the same network ID. There is one network ID for all hosts in all subnets. 2. Each subnet in the network has a unique subnet ID. Every host in each subnet has the same subnet ID. 3. Distinct Host IDs make up each subnet. The series of host IDs within each subnet is the same.
211.70.20.0 Network Address 255.255.255.0 Default SNM 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 SNM (Binary)
Creating Custom Subnet Masks – Section Helper HOST IDs AND ADDRESS RANGES As the following chart illustrates, the Subnet Mask determines the range of IP Addresses.
Creating Custom Subnet Masks – Section Helper CLASS C SUBNETTING CHART
IP Addressing and Subnet Workbook [edit] SourcesRFC 950 Internet Standard Subnetting Procedure Cisco – IP Addressing and Subnetting for New Users Learn to Subnet - A Free Lecture-Based Educational Course on IP Addressing and Subnetting Firewall.cx: The Site for Networking Professionals - Internet Protocol - Subnetting IP Addressing and Subnet Workbook The TCP/IP Guide: IP Subnet Addressing (Subnetting) Concepts IP Address Subnetting Tutorial HELPFUL LINKS Advanced IP Address Calculator v1.1 – Free Download
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[edit] Peter English
Peter English (August something, 1987) Is an amazing individual, he acts and loves comic books. He will likely be a film actor or a comic book artist. That is all. [edit] Sources63.224.193.111 23:04, 10 March 2007 (UTC)
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[edit] James Hennessey
James Hennessey is a noted comedian born in 1992 in Plantsville,Connecticut. His Humor is Randomness and puns.He has won the CT comedy fest on twelve occasions.He goes to St.Paul Catholic High School and is now a freshman. [edit] Sources68.229.75.214 23:09, 10 March 2007 (UTC)
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[edit] Tony Dewald
[edit] Sourceshttp://www.montrealmirror.com/2005/102005/watn2.html 24.86.211.124 23:29, 10 March 2007 (UTC) |
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[edit] Christopher Kane
His Central Saint Martin's MA collection was presented in March 2006, and won the Harrods Design Award, consisting of £1,500 and a showpiece window in Harrods from February 24 to March 8. The collection consisted of stretch-lace dresses decorated with brass rings. His first independent show, presented in September 2006, consisted of super-short bandage dresses in neon shades, lauded by internation fashion critics and credited by various sources as a major contributor to summer 2007's 'fluoro' trends. Kane has worked as a consultant for Versace, and created a range for British high-street retailer Topshop, which debuted in February 2007 to coincide with kane's second show at London Fashion Week. In December 2006 Christopher Kane was photographed by David Bailey for British Vogue alongside Antony Price, whose 1980s bombshell evening dresses and curvaceous feminine styles foreshadow Kane's bandage-tight tailoring. [edit] SourcesWoods, Vicki, 'When Bailey Met Jean', British Vogue, December 2006 http://www.style.com/fashionshows/collections/F2006RTW/review/STMARTINS http://www.style.com/fashionshows/collections/F2007RTW/review/CKANE http://www.vogue.co.uk/Shows/Reports/Default.aspx?stID=38781 155.136.80.26 23:29, 10 March 2007 (UTC)
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