Arthur Salter, 1st Baron Salter

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James Arthur Salter, 1st Baron Salter, GBE, KCB, PC (15 March 1881 – 27 June 1975) was a British politician and academic.

Salter was the son of John Henry Salter (1853-1930), head of Thames boating company Salters Steamers, and Mayor of Oxford in 1903.^[1] Educated at Oxford City High School and Brasenose College, Oxford, where he was a scholar, he graduated with first class honours in Literae Humaniores in 1903. He joined the Civil Service in 1904 and worked in the transport department of the Admiralty, on national insurance, and as private secretary, being promoted to Assistant Secretary grade in 1913. On the outbreak of war, he was recalled to the Admiralty, and became director of ship requisitioning. He was sent to Washington to press for a US programme of new construction. He served as chairman of the Allied Maritime Transport Council, and in 1919 was appointed secretary of the Supreme Economic Council in Paris. He then worked as head of the economic and financial section of the League of Nations secretariat, and in the League secretariat at Geneva, where he worked for stabilization of currencies of Austria and Hungary and resettlement of refugees in Greece and Bulgaria.

He returned to London in 1930, and worked as journalist and author. In 1932 he presided over a Conference on Road and Rail Transport tasked with looking at the true costs and benefits of transport, and whose results were known as the Salter Report. It recommended changes to the way that public roads were funded to account for the growing demands of the motor car and road freight, and to ensure that road and rail were evenly regulated and competed fairly. After some deliberation, and receiving many protests from companies with road interests, government introduced freight licensing and the Road Fund as a direct result, so that motorists should completely cover the costs of the road network and associated costs across the economy.

In 1934 he was appointed Gladstone professor of political theory and institutions at Oxford University, and a fellow of All Souls College, Oxford. He was MP for Oxford University from 1937-50. He resumed his shipping interests from World War I, being appointed Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Shipping in 1939, and heading the British shipping mission to Washington from 1941-3. He was appointed a Privy Counsellor in 1941. In 1944 he was appointed deputy director-general of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration. He briefly served as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster in the summer of 1945. He was elected as Conservative MP for Ormskirk from 1951-3, and served as Minister of State for Economic Affairs at the Treasury, and as Minister of Materials in 1952.

He was raised to the peerage as Baron Salter, of Kidlington in the County of Oxford on 16 October 1953. He had received many honours during his career, being first appointed a Companion of the Bath in 1918, a Knight Commander of the Bath in 1922, and a GBE in 1944. His peerage became extinct when he died in 1975.

[edit] Bibliography

Christophe Le Dréau, Arthur Salter face à la construction européenne (1929-1951), Mémoire de DEA de l'Université Paris I Sorbonne, sous la direction de Robert Frank, 1999, 232p.

[edit] References

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Lord Hugh Cecil	Member of Parliament for Oxford University 1937–1950	Succeeded by abolished
Preceded by Ronald Cross	Member of Parliament for Ormskirk 1951–1953	Succeeded by Douglas Glover
Political offices
Preceded by Ernest Brown	Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster May–July 1945	Succeeded by John Burns Hynd
Peerage of the United Kingdom
Preceded by New creation	Baron Salter 1953–1975	Succeeded by Extinct