Arthur Bisguier

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves.

Arthur Bernard Bisguier (born 8 October 1929) is an American chess International Grandmaster, chess promoter, and writer. Bisguier won two U.S. Junior Championships (1948, 1949), three U.S. Open Chess Championship titles (1950, 1956, 1959), and the 1954 United States Chess Championship title. He played for the United States in five chess Olympiads. He also played in two Interzonal tournaments (1955, 1962). On March 18, 2005, the United States Chess Federation (USCF) proclaimed him "Dean of American Chess." He is believed to have played more people, of all standards, than any other grandmaster in history.[citation needed]

Contents

[edit] Early years

Bisguier was born in New York City.

He was taught chess at the age of four by his father, a mathematician. In 1944, aged 15, he was third at the Bronx Empire Chess Club. In 1946, aged 17, he came fifth in the U.S. Open at Pittsburgh, followed by seventh place in 1948. Later that year, he took the U.S. Junior Championship and was invited to the New York 1948–49 International Tournament.

As he gained in strength, Bisguier was coached by master Alexander Kevitz.

In 1949 he retained the U.S. Junior Championship title, and also won the Manhattan Chess Club Championship. In 1950 he won the first of his three U.S. Open titles, and also won at Southsea in England (http://www.rogerpaige.me.uk/tables21.htm).

Army service interrupted his U.S. chess career during 1951 to 1953, but he managed to get leave to play in two European events. He played at the Helsinki Olympiad 1952, and then won the third annual Christmas tournament at Vienna 1952 with a 9-2 score. He was made an International Master in 1950 from his Southsea victory.

[edit] U.S. champion, Grandmaster

After a poor performance in the U.S. Open in 1953, he entered the Philadelphia Candidates' Tournament for the U.S. Championship and came through with a first place finish and another over-2600 performance. His meteoric rise culminated with a winning score in the 1954 United States Chess Championship at New York. He also won the 2nd Pan American Chess Championship at Los Angeles 1954. In 1956 at Oklahoma City, he added the U.S. Open Chess Championship title to his U.S. Championship. Bisguier was made an International Grandmaster in 1957. He tied with Bobby Fischer for first-second places at the U.S. Open at Cleveland 1957, but Fischer was awarded the title on tiebreak (The Games of Robert J. Fischer, by Robert Wade and Kevin O'Connell, London, Batsford 1972).

[edit] At the Olympiads

Bisguier represented the United States at five chess Olympiads. His detailed results, from olimpbase.org, follow. His totals over 82 games are (+29 =35 -18), for 56.7 per cent.

  • Helsinki 1952, board 4, 7/15 (+3 =8 -4);
  • Munich 1958, board 3, 8.5/17 (+6 =5 -6);
  • Leipzig 1960, board 4, 11.5/16 (+9 =5 -2), team silver medal;
  • Tel Aviv 1964, board 4, 11.5/18 (+8 =7 -3);
  • Skopje 1972, board 4, 8/16 (+3 =10 -3).

[edit] Further achievements

Following his U.S. title in 1954, Bisguier regularly returned to compete for the national championship, but was never able to repeat his success. The late 1950s saw the sensational rise of Bobby Fischer, who swept the eight U.S. Championship tournaments which he contested. Bisguier and Fischer were tied for first place going into the last round of the 1962-63 event, and they still had to face each other. Bisguier had a good position but made a mistake, handing the game and the title to Fischer (My 60 Memorable Games, by Bobby Fischer, New York, 1969). Fischer scored 8/11, with Bisguier a point back in clear second place (http://www.chessmetrics.com, the Arthur Bisguier player file). Bisguier also served as a second to Fischer at several international events.

Most of Bisguier's play after the mid-1960s was limited to U.S. events. He won National Opens in 1970 (jointly), 1974 and 1978. He won the Lone Pine tournament in 1973, tied for second place behind reigning world champion Boris Spassky in the international tournament in San Juan, Puerto Rico in 1969, and took first place in the first-ever Grand Prix in 1980. He took first place in the U.S. Senior Open in 1989, thus winning a U.S. championship at every age level of chess. He won the Senior Open again in 1997 and 1998.

[edit] Chess promoter

For many years, Bisguier was hired to play in towns throughout the U.S. in order to give exhibitions and popularise chess and the USCF. For about 20 years, Bisguier was the representative they sent to a state for one or two days to play at a hospital or college or a prison, all so the public could get a chance to play the grandmaster and former U.S. champion. He said, "I was delighted to do it. I was very lucky to get so much out of chess. I tried to give something back."

Bisguier has been a regular contributor to Chess Life magazine. In 2003, he wrote a book on his best games from 1945-1960, titled The Art of Bisguier, with co-author Newton Berry (published by Third Millennium Press).

Here is Bisguier's only win against Bobby Fischer, in their first game. Their next game was a draw, then Bobby won 13 straight (perhaps the longest unbroken winning streak between grandmasters in history). Fischer, although only 13 at the time of this game, was decidedly no pushover. He won his celebrated Game of the Century against Donald Byrne in the same tournament.

Bisguier-Fischer, Rosenwald Memorial, New York 1956 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.f4 O-O 6.Nf3 c5 7.Be2 cxd4 8.Nxd4 Nc6 9.Nc2 Bd7 10.O-O Rc8 11.Be3 Na5 12.b3 a6 13.e5 dxe5 14.fxe5 Ne8 15.Nd5 Rc6 16.Nd4 Rc8 17.Nc2 Rc6 18.Ncb4 Re6 19.Bg4 Rxe5 20.Bb6 Qc8 21.Bxd7 Qxd7 22.Bxa5 e6 23.Nd3 Rh5 24.N3f4 Rf5 25.Bb4 exd5 26.Bxf8 Bxa1 27.Qxa1 Kxf8 28.Qh8+ Ke7 29.Re1+ Kd8 30.Nxd5 Qc6 31.Qf8 Qd7 32.Rd1 Rf6 33.Qxe8+ 1-0

[edit] External links

Preceded by
Larry Evans		 United States Chess Champion
1954–1958		 Succeeded by
Bobby Fischer