Arnold of Torroja

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Arnold of Torroja (in Catalan, Arnau de Torroja) was the ninth Grand Master of the Knights Templar from 1181 until his death in 1184.

Contents 1 Personal Life 2 Military Record 2.1 Reconquista 2.2 Conflict with the Hospitallers 2.3 Embassy to Europe 3 References

[edit] Personal Life

While no date of birth survives for Torroja, he was very old at his death, being in excess of 70 years when he was elected as Grand Master^[1]. He had served in the order for many years and was the Templar Master in both Spain and Provence^[2].

[edit] Military Record

[edit] Reconquista

Torroja's military career had mainly been focused on the Reconquista^[3], fighting Muslims in Spain and Portugal. He was principally active in Aragon^[4].His appointment as Grand Master was likely due to his image as an outsider i.e an experienced Templar who's power base was outside the Holy Land ^[5]. This appealed to the order as the previous Grand Master, Odo de St Amand, had become embroiled in Jerusalem's politics, but it did mean Torroja was inexperienced in the "political situation of the Latin States"^[6]. He became the order's new leader in 1181^[7].

[edit] Conflict with the Hospitallers

During the Grand Master's reign, the Knights Hospitaller reached a new peak in their influence. There had been rivalry between orders previously, but factionalism in the face renewed Muslim pressure was unacceptable. The two Grand Masters met for mediation with Pope Lucius III and King Baldwin IV and the problems were resolved^[8]. In fact, Torroja is recorded as a skilled diplomat himself, acting as a mediator between several political groups in the East^[9]. He also conducted successful peace negotiations with Saladin after raids by Raynald of Chatillon in Transjordan^[10].

[edit] Embassy to Europe

In 1184, Torroja set out with Patriarch Heraclius and Grand Master Roger de Moulins of the Knights Hospitaller to gather European support for the Kingdom of Jerusalem^[11]. They planned to visit Italy, England and France^[12], but he fell ill^[13] and died at Verona on September 30, 1184^[14]. He was succeeded as Grand Master by Gérard de Ridefort.

[edit] References

1. ^ The Masters of the Templar Order : Arnaud de Toroge
2. ^ History of the Templars - Barber
3. ^ The Masters of the Templar Order : Arnaud de Toroge
4. ^ History of the Templars - Barber
5. ^ History of the Templars - Barber
6. ^ The Masters of the Templar Order : Arnaud de Toroge
7. ^ History of the Templars - Barber
8. ^ The Masters of the Templar Order : Arnaud de Toroge
9. ^ History of the Templars - Barber
10. ^ The Masters of the Templar Order : Arnaud de Toroge
11. ^ The Masters of the Templar Order : Arnaud de Toroge
12. ^ History of the Templars - Barber
13. ^ The Masters of the Templar Order : Arnaud de Toroge
14. ^ History of the Templars - Barber

Preceded by Odo de St Amand

Grand Master of the Knights Templar 1179–1184

Succeeded by Gérard de Ridefort