Arnobius
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Arnobius of Sicca (died c. 330 A.D.) was an Early Christian apologist, during the reign of Diocletian (284 - 305). According to Jerome's Chronicle, Arnobius, before his conversion, was a distinguished rhetorician at Sicca Veneria (Le Kef, Tunisia), a major Christian center in Proconsular Africa, and owed his conversion to a premonitory dream. Arnobius writes dismissively of dreams in his surviving book, so perhaps Jerome was projecting his own respect for the content of dreams. According to Jerome, to overcome the doubts of the local bishop as to the earnestness of his Christian belief he wrote (ca 303, from evidence in IV:36) an apologetic work in seven books that St. Jerome calls (De Viris Illustribus, lxxix) Adversus Gentes but which is entitled Adversus Nationes in the only (9th-century) manuscript that has survived. Jerome's reference and the surviving treatise are all that we know about Arnobius.
[edit] Adversus Nationes
The book we have shows little sign of having been revised by a Christian bishop and is all the better for giving an unvarnished view of the opinions of an enthusiastic recent convert. Arnobius is a vigorous apologist for the Christian faith, more earnest in his defence of Christianity than perfectly orthodox in his tenets. His book has been occasioned by complaints that the Christians had brought the wrath of the gods on Ancient Rome. Thus, he holds the heathen gods to be real beings, but subordinate to the supreme Christian God; in a streak of gnosticism, he affirms that the human soul (Book II, 14 - 62) is not the work of God, but of an intermediate being, and is not immortal by nature, but capable of putting on immortality as a grace. Arnobius defends and expounds the rightness of monotheism and Christianity (deus princeps, deus summus) and the divinity of Christ, by adducing its rapid diffusion, its influence in civilizing barbarians and its consonance with the best philosophy. Christianizing Plato, he refutes pagan idolatry as filled with contradictions and openly immoral, and to demonstrate this point, his Books III - V abound with curious information gathered from reliable sources (e.g. Cornelius Antistius Labeo) concerning the forms of idolatrous worship, temples, idols, and the Graeco-Roman cult practice of his time, to the historian and mythographer's cautious delight, but all held up by Arnobius for Christian ridicule.
[edit] External links
- Arnobii (2002). in Blasii Amata, ed.: Adversus Nationes Libri VII, Latin Ed., The Latin Library.
- Arnobius (2003). Seven Books Against the Heathens, Trans. Christian Classics Ethereal Library, English ed., IntraText Digital Library.
- Opera Omnia by Migne Patrologia Latina with analytical indexes
[edit] References
This article incorporates text from the public-domain Catholic Encyclopedia of 1913.
- (1911) "Arnobius.", Encyclopedia Britannica.
- Borgeaud, Philippe (2005). Mother of the Gods: from Cybele to the Virgin Mary. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-7985-X. (draws extensively on Arnobius).
- Shahan, Thomas J. (1908). "Arnobius.", Catholic Encyclopedia, Online Edition, K. Knight.
- Simmons, Michael Bland (1996). Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian.. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-814913-1. The only modern study.
